{
  "attribution": "Negri, M. & Bieker, G. (2025). Life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions from passenger cars in the European Union: A 2025 update and key factors to consider. International Council on Clean Transportation. CC BY-SA 4.0.",
  "description": "Greenhouse gas emissions over the whole life of a medium-size petrol car sold in the European Union in 2025, per kilometre driven: making the car, producing and burning its fuel (the average EU blend of fossil petrol and ethanol), and maintenance. The ICCT estimates it at 235 grams of CO2-equivalent per kilometre.",
  "dimensions": [],
  "display": {
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  "geo_coverage": "country",
  "headline_entity": "EU27",
  "id": "cars.icct-2025.lifecycle-gasoline-eu",
  "kind": "published-value",
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    "dims": {},
    "entity": "EU27",
    "period": "2025",
    "status": "projection",
    "value": 235.0
  },
  "licence": {
    "name": "CC BY-SA 4.0 (ICCT terms of use, \"except as otherwise noted\")",
    "spdx": "CC-BY-SA-4.0",
    "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"
  },
  "licence_class": "share-alike",
  "notes": [],
  "notice": "Values and charts derived from this ICCT report are shared under CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/).",
  "origins": [
    {"acquisition": "automatic", "artifact_id": "report-pdf", "bytes": 1235655, "citation_full": "Negri, M., & Bieker, G. (2025). Life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions from passenger cars in the European Union: A 2025 update and key factors to consider. International Council on Clean Transportation. https://theicct.org/publication/electric-cars-life-cycle-analysis-emissions-europe-jul25/", "date_accessed": "2026-10-05", "date_published": null, "doi": null, "etag": "\"686bfbbd-12dac7\"", "last_modified": "Mon, 07 Jul 2025 16:54:21 GMT", "licence": {"name": "CC BY-SA 4.0 (ICCT terms of use, \"except as otherwise noted\")", "spdx": "CC-BY-SA-4.0", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"}, "producer": "International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT)", "r2_url": null, "sha256": "5f28121f4899372929972d5d6f648b272ef702535137abf8f64140e4004cb93c", "source_id": "icct-lca-2025", "title": "Life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions from passenger cars in the European Union (ICCT 2025)", "url_download": "https://theicct.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/ID-392-%E2%80%93-Life-cycle-GHG_report_final.pdf", "url_main": "https://theicct.org/publication/electric-cars-life-cycle-analysis-emissions-europe-jul25/", "version_producer": "ICCT report ID 392 (July 2025)", "wayback_url": null}
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  "published_value": {
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    "locator": "Executive summary, p. i",
    "quote": "This is 73% lower than the emissions of gasoline ICEVs running on the average blend of fossil gasoline and ethanol, estimated at 235 g CO2e/km."
  },
  "schema_version": 1,
  "scope": {
    "baseline": null,
    "basis": "Sales-weighted average medium-segment car (SUVs excluded) registered in the EU in 2023, sold in 2025 and driven for 20 years on the average blend of fossil gasoline and ethanol; vehicle production and recycling, fuel production, tailpipe emissions and maintenance.",
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  "title": "Life-cycle emissions of a petrol car in the EU (ICCT)",
  "unit": {
    "code": "gCO2e/km",
    "label": "grams of CO2-equivalent per kilometre",
    "short": "g CO₂e/km"
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  "vintage": "ICCT report ID 392 (July 2025)"
}