{
  "attribution": "Calculated by Environment Dashboard from Stockholm Environment Institute data: Emissions Inequality Dashboard (Ghosh, Nazareth, Wang, Kartha and Kemp-Benedict, 2021), https://emissions-inequality.org, accessed 2026-10-05, CC BY 4.0. Changes: emission shares of income slices added up into three groups (poorest 50%, richest 10%, richest 1%) and converted from fractions to percent.",
  "description": "The share of the world's consumption-based carbon dioxide emissions caused by the richest 10%, the richest 1% and the poorest 50% of people, ranked by income across the world, each year from 1990 to 2022. Consumption emissions count what a country's people buy, including imports, and exclude what it makes for export. The split between people depends on the Stockholm Environment Institute's assumptions about how emissions rise with income. These are shares of the world total, not tonnes per person. SEI also serves 2023, but builds it on territorial national emissions (where emissions happen) instead of consumption, so 2023 is not comparable and is not shown.",
  "dimensions": [
    {
      "id": "group",
      "label": "Income group",
      "values": [
        {"id": "top-10", "label": "Richest 10%"},
        {"id": "top-1", "label": "Richest 1%"},
        {"id": "bottom-50", "label": "Poorest 50%"}
      ]
    }
  ],
  "display": {
    "decimals": 1
  },
  "geo_coverage": "global-only",
  "headline_entity": "WLD",
  "id": "co2-share.sei-inequality.income-groups-global",
  "kind": "derived",
  "latest": {
    "age_bp": null,
    "dims": {
      "group": "top-10"
    },
    "entity": "WLD",
    "period": "2022",
    "status": "final",
    "value": 48.992907074468484
  },
  "licence": {
    "name": "CC BY 4.0 (the About page says \"CC BY\" and links the 4.0 licence)",
    "spdx": "CC-BY-4.0",
    "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
  },
  "licence_class": "open",
  "notes": [],
  "notice": null,
  "origins": [
    {"acquisition": "automatic", "artifact_id": "global-percentile-shares", "bytes": 877309, "citation_full": "Emily Ghosh, Anisha Nazareth, Guozhong Wang, Sivan Kartha, Eric Kemp-Benedict (2021). Emissions Inequality Dashboard. Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI). https://emissions-inequality.org", "date_accessed": "2026-10-04", "date_published": null, "doi": null, "etag": null, "last_modified": null, "licence": {"name": "CC BY 4.0 (the About page says \"CC BY\" and links the 4.0 licence)", "spdx": "CC-BY-4.0", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}, "producer": "Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI)", "r2_url": "https://files.environmentdashboard.org/raw/9ad0752d138df5969a5b5b1069dab34ea2da07de35b18398bfc2fe9360c437f7.zst", "sha256": "9ad0752d138df5969a5b5b1069dab34ea2da07de35b18398bfc2fe9360c437f7", "source_id": "sei-emissions-inequality", "title": "Emissions Inequality Dashboard", "url_download": "https://www.sei-eqtrans-dev.net/api/globalHistoricalDataByYear/search.php", "url_main": "https://emissions-inequality.org/", "version_producer": "1990-2022 consumption-based years of the 1990-2023 historical series, retrieved 2026-10-04", "wayback_url": null},
    {"acquisition": "automatic", "artifact_id": "national-history-che", "bytes": 7538, "citation_full": "Emily Ghosh, Anisha Nazareth, Guozhong Wang, Sivan Kartha, Eric Kemp-Benedict (2021). Emissions Inequality Dashboard. Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI). https://emissions-inequality.org", "date_accessed": "2026-10-05", "date_published": null, "doi": null, "etag": null, "last_modified": null, "licence": {"name": "CC BY 4.0 (the About page says \"CC BY\" and links the 4.0 licence)", "spdx": "CC-BY-4.0", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}, "producer": "Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI)", "r2_url": "https://files.environmentdashboard.org/raw/e23373e0dc5636820764920383da434f5c51c66ced61a032d2d299cf63f39d38.zst", "sha256": "e23373e0dc5636820764920383da434f5c51c66ced61a032d2d299cf63f39d38", "source_id": "sei-emissions-inequality", "title": "Emissions Inequality Dashboard", "url_download": "https://www.sei-eqtrans-dev.net/api/historicalDataByCountry/search.php?country=CHE&startyear=1990&endyear=2023", "url_main": "https://emissions-inequality.org/", "version_producer": "1990-2022 consumption-based years of the 1990-2023 historical series, retrieved 2026-10-04", "wayback_url": null},
    {"acquisition": "automatic", "artifact_id": "national-history-usa", "bytes": 7673, "citation_full": "Emily Ghosh, Anisha Nazareth, Guozhong Wang, Sivan Kartha, Eric Kemp-Benedict (2021). Emissions Inequality Dashboard. Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI). https://emissions-inequality.org", "date_accessed": "2026-10-05", "date_published": null, "doi": null, "etag": null, "last_modified": null, "licence": {"name": "CC BY 4.0 (the About page says \"CC BY\" and links the 4.0 licence)", "spdx": "CC-BY-4.0", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}, "producer": "Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI)", "r2_url": "https://files.environmentdashboard.org/raw/ed93564c2981e1279ea88d5ac22b4efe2284c4e7b14cd970a7cca9460b0ec365.zst", "sha256": "ed93564c2981e1279ea88d5ac22b4efe2284c4e7b14cd970a7cca9460b0ec365", "source_id": "sei-emissions-inequality", "title": "Emissions Inequality Dashboard", "url_download": "https://www.sei-eqtrans-dev.net/api/historicalDataByCountry/search.php?country=USA&startyear=1990&endyear=2023", "url_main": "https://emissions-inequality.org/", "version_producer": "1990-2022 consumption-based years of the 1990-2023 historical series, retrieved 2026-10-04", "wayback_url": null},
    {"acquisition": "automatic", "artifact_id": "national-history-gbr", "bytes": 7638, "citation_full": "Emily Ghosh, Anisha Nazareth, Guozhong Wang, Sivan Kartha, Eric Kemp-Benedict (2021). Emissions Inequality Dashboard. Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI). https://emissions-inequality.org", "date_accessed": "2026-10-05", "date_published": null, "doi": null, "etag": null, "last_modified": null, "licence": {"name": "CC BY 4.0 (the About page says \"CC BY\" and links the 4.0 licence)", "spdx": "CC-BY-4.0", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}, "producer": "Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI)", "r2_url": "https://files.environmentdashboard.org/raw/fde2cd775620ab9e3c9f7edd6659638174e5efbb14ebfa0a8fcbdeae16889629.zst", "sha256": "fde2cd775620ab9e3c9f7edd6659638174e5efbb14ebfa0a8fcbdeae16889629", "source_id": "sei-emissions-inequality", "title": "Emissions Inequality Dashboard", "url_download": "https://www.sei-eqtrans-dev.net/api/historicalDataByCountry/search.php?country=GBR&startyear=1990&endyear=2023", "url_main": "https://emissions-inequality.org/", "version_producer": "1990-2022 consumption-based years of the 1990-2023 historical series, retrieved 2026-10-04", "wayback_url": null}
  ],
  "processing": [
    {
      "description": "Read the Historical Global Shares API response (sha256 9ad0752d138d…, retrieved 2026-10-04): 4318 records, 1990–2023, 127 income slices a year. Checked for every year that the slices run from 0 to 100% of people with no gap or overlap, that each slice's width matches its label, and that the emission shares add up to 1 (within one billionth).",
      "inputs": ["9ad0752d138df5969a5b5b1069dab34ea2da07de35b18398bfc2fe9360c437f7", "e23373e0dc5636820764920383da434f5c51c66ced61a032d2d299cf63f39d38", "ed93564c2981e1279ea88d5ac22b4efe2284c4e7b14cd970a7cca9460b0ec365", "fde2cd775620ab9e3c9f7edd6659638174e5efbb14ebfa0a8fcbdeae16889629"],
      "lock_sha256": "7e110986c30381965c2e6096466c401cbf72bd1b7a828369f6f6c14c909dcbda",
      "script": "pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/emissions/sei_inequality.py",
      "transform_sha256": "292fb86ce87643c7adc8106988c13697f7f00f6ca0220b3428c8b2af2cac8344"
    },
    {
      "description": "Kept 1990–2022 and left out 2023. SEI's national inputs are consumption-based up to 2022 and territorial (where emissions happen) from 2023, so later shares are not comparable. The API's own national values show the break (historicalDataByCountry, NatEmisions as served, rounded here to the tonne; snapshots retrieved 2026-10-05): Switzerland 121,979,300 t in 2022 and 32,737,300 t in 2023 (sha256 e23373e0dc56…); the United States 5,642,856,100 t in 2022 and 4,911,391,000 t in 2023 (sha256 ed93564c2981…); the United Kingdom 488,532,000 t in 2022 and 305,146,300 t in 2023 (sha256 fde2cd775620…). The 2023 values match Global Carbon Budget 2025 territorial emissions, not consumption (research of 2026-10-05, docs/research/sources-ghg-food-personal-2026-10-05.json).",
      "inputs": ["9ad0752d138df5969a5b5b1069dab34ea2da07de35b18398bfc2fe9360c437f7", "e23373e0dc5636820764920383da434f5c51c66ced61a032d2d299cf63f39d38", "ed93564c2981e1279ea88d5ac22b4efe2284c4e7b14cd970a7cca9460b0ec365", "fde2cd775620ab9e3c9f7edd6659638174e5efbb14ebfa0a8fcbdeae16889629"],
      "lock_sha256": "7e110986c30381965c2e6096466c401cbf72bd1b7a828369f6f6c14c909dcbda",
      "script": "pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/emissions/sei_inequality.py",
      "transform_sha256": "292fb86ce87643c7adc8106988c13697f7f00f6ca0220b3428c8b2af2cac8344"
    },
    {
      "description": "For each year, added up the EmissionShare of the slices in each group with exact decimal arithmetic on the values as served: the poorest 50% (slices up to the 50th percentile), the richest 10% (from the 90th) and the richest 1% (from the 99th, which SEI splits into finer slices). The richest 1% are part of the richest 10%.",
      "inputs": ["9ad0752d138df5969a5b5b1069dab34ea2da07de35b18398bfc2fe9360c437f7", "e23373e0dc5636820764920383da434f5c51c66ced61a032d2d299cf63f39d38", "ed93564c2981e1279ea88d5ac22b4efe2284c4e7b14cd970a7cca9460b0ec365", "fde2cd775620ab9e3c9f7edd6659638174e5efbb14ebfa0a8fcbdeae16889629"],
      "lock_sha256": "7e110986c30381965c2e6096466c401cbf72bd1b7a828369f6f6c14c909dcbda",
      "script": "pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/emissions/sei_inequality.py",
      "transform_sha256": "292fb86ce87643c7adc8106988c13697f7f00f6ca0220b3428c8b2af2cac8344"
    },
    {
      "description": "Multiplied by 100 to give percent.",
      "inputs": ["9ad0752d138df5969a5b5b1069dab34ea2da07de35b18398bfc2fe9360c437f7", "e23373e0dc5636820764920383da434f5c51c66ced61a032d2d299cf63f39d38", "ed93564c2981e1279ea88d5ac22b4efe2284c4e7b14cd970a7cca9460b0ec365", "fde2cd775620ab9e3c9f7edd6659638174e5efbb14ebfa0a8fcbdeae16889629"],
      "lock_sha256": "7e110986c30381965c2e6096466c401cbf72bd1b7a828369f6f6c14c909dcbda",
      "script": "pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/emissions/sei_inequality.py",
      "transform_sha256": "292fb86ce87643c7adc8106988c13697f7f00f6ca0220b3428c8b2af2cac8344"
    }
  ],
  "published_value": null,
  "schema_version": 1,
  "scope": {
    "baseline": null,
    "basis": "Fossil carbon dioxide only, consumption-based (territorial emissions plus net emissions embodied in trade); other greenhouse gases and land-use change are not included. Each country's emissions are shared among its people in proportion to income between a floor and a ceiling (SEI's elasticity of 1). SEI's pages do not say how international aviation and shipping are allocated.",
    "bunkers": null,
    "geography": "World: everyone in the world, ranked by income per person (2021 US dollars at purchasing power parity)",
    "gwp": null,
    "lulucf": "excluded"
  },
  "superseded_by": null,
  "table": {
    "dims": {
      "group": ["top-10", "top-10", "top-10", "top-10", "top-10", "top-10", "top-10", "top-10", "top-10", "top-10", "top-10", "top-10", "top-10", "top-10", "top-10", "top-10", "top-10", "top-10", "top-10", "top-10", "top-10", "top-10", "top-10", "top-10", "top-10", "top-10", "top-10", "top-10", "top-10", "top-10", "top-10", "top-10", "top-10", "top-1", "top-1", "top-1", "top-1", "top-1", "top-1", "top-1", "top-1", "top-1", "top-1", "top-1", "top-1", "top-1", "top-1", "top-1", "top-1", "top-1", "top-1", "top-1", "top-1", "top-1", "top-1", "top-1", "top-1", "top-1", "top-1", "top-1", "top-1", "top-1", "top-1", "top-1", "top-1", "top-1", "bottom-50", "bottom-50", "bottom-50", "bottom-50", "bottom-50", "bottom-50", "bottom-50", "bottom-50", "bottom-50", "bottom-50", "bottom-50", "bottom-50", "bottom-50", "bottom-50", "bottom-50", "bottom-50", "bottom-50", "bottom-50", "bottom-50", "bottom-50", "bottom-50", "bottom-50", "bottom-50", "bottom-50", "bottom-50", "bottom-50", "bottom-50", "bottom-50", "bottom-50", "bottom-50", "bottom-50", "bottom-50", "bottom-50"]
    },
    "entity": ["WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD"],
    "period": ["1990", "1991", "1992", "1993", "1994", "1995", "1996", "1997", "1998", "1999", "2000", "2001", "2002", "2003", "2004", "2005", "2006", "2007", "2008", "2009", "2010", "2011", "2012", "2013", "2014", "2015", "2016", "2017", "2018", "2019", "2020", "2021", "2022", "1990", "1991", "1992", "1993", "1994", "1995", "1996", "1997", "1998", "1999", "2000", "2001", "2002", "2003", "2004", "2005", "2006", "2007", "2008", "2009", "2010", "2011", "2012", "2013", "2014", "2015", "2016", "2017", "2018", "2019", "2020", "2021", "2022", "1990", "1991", "1992", "1993", "1994", "1995", "1996", "1997", "1998", "1999", "2000", "2001", "2002", "2003", "2004", "2005", "2006", "2007", "2008", "2009", "2010", "2011", "2012", "2013", "2014", "2015", "2016", "2017", "2018", "2019", "2020", "2021", "2022"],
    "status": ["final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final"],
    "value": [51.54104139587493, 51.45385325519967, 52.47794688139768, 52.243285591373784, 53.14232260736799, 53.00954616932803, 53.34819796580357, 53.42623562664071, 54.42984949662395, 54.170133177141366, 55.43397578598269, 54.829700131824595, 54.75843695516259, 54.750376447433254, 54.9088135084953, 54.58711774421474, 54.21105826259697, 53.750764953870245, 52.950968383618836, 50.95866839952901, 50.988321141990994, 50.092081917513, 49.41996824097037, 49.75926122447599, 49.20473633736295, 49.544094174162666, 49.426358813695416, 49.24954325446579, 49.57824419026191, 48.81617256707752, 48.46865933630874, 48.78093637161367, 48.992907074468484, 14.491619690149705, 14.579384062494304, 15.16329159884281, 15.241253909105811, 15.573217751818225, 15.822662308958968, 16.200750011774335, 16.42858739433001, 16.9855229106011, 16.978162768744465, 17.851954034208518, 17.642068229981025, 17.665554166833363, 17.875607933209093, 18.12348399986391, 18.211476140467443, 18.22964264553596, 18.134311184756235, 17.806031805899313, 17.17383409321548, 17.308825961410047, 17.245511897100172, 17.137147434260836, 17.059890152098255, 16.938162059898875, 16.934195113903538, 16.743680659517125, 16.841468462606457, 17.010338016251293, 16.739981212366896, 16.55245855820032, 16.58884733016993, 16.83069592664831, 8.693080083916344, 8.397777631406043, 8.456861661056227, 8.225119830718663, 7.860867040567607, 8.082909732767263, 8.206534506808904, 8.062550595260925, 7.861217935425184, 7.935762844645771, 7.510625100181999, 7.311958955719118, 7.211369549763706, 7.168853592575224, 7.185722353989936, 7.129554227598961, 7.1902304385841855, 7.227332057678153, 7.349693445463144, 7.739024090860602, 7.55959338762044, 7.581171891475905, 7.634219705937917, 7.626591950515571, 7.847261858876224, 7.889825553624469, 7.903307330480885, 7.992697314330191, 7.805456922068283, 8.073701317677505, 8.115677080769435, 7.9755651752207735, 7.959763477732884]
  },
  "time_basis": "calendar",
  "title": "Share of world consumption carbon dioxide by income group (SEI)",
  "unit": {
    "code": "percent",
    "label": "percent of world consumption carbon dioxide emissions",
    "short": "%"
  },
  "vintage": "1990-2022 consumption-based years of the 1990-2023 historical series, retrieved 2026-10-04"
}