{
  "attribution": "Calculated by Environment Dashboard from the AVISO Global Mean Sea Level Indicator (CNES, CLS), doi:10.24400/527896/AVISO-2025.010; credits EU Copernicus Marine Service/CNES/LEGOS/CLS, https://aviso.altimetry.fr/msl, accessed 2026-10-04. Modified from the original. Licence: AVISO License Agreement Issue 20, https://www.aviso.altimetry.fr/fileadmin/documents/data/License_Aviso_ini.pdf Changes: monthly means of AVISO's cycle values, re-based to their 1993 mean and converted from metres to millimetres.",
  "description": "How much the global average sea level has risen since 1993, month by month, measured by the reference satellite altimetry missions TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1, Jason-2, Jason-3 and Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich. Calculated by Environment Dashboard from AVISO's values about every 10 days: averaged to calendar months and set so that the 1993 average is zero. Seasonal (annual and semi-annual) cycles are removed by AVISO.",
  "dimensions": [],
  "display": {
    "decimals": 1
  },
  "geo_coverage": "global-only",
  "headline_entity": "WLD",
  "id": "gmsl.aviso.monthly",
  "kind": "series",
  "latest": {
    "age_bp": null,
    "dims": {},
    "entity": "WLD",
    "period": "2026-07",
    "status": "final",
    "value": 111.7744299608096
  },
  "licence": {
    "name": "AVISO License Agreement, Issue 20 (custom CC BY-like licence; not CC BY 4.0)",
    "spdx": null,
    "url": "https://www.aviso.altimetry.fr/fileadmin/documents/data/License_Aviso_ini.pdf"
  },
  "licence_class": "open",
  "notes": [],
  "notice": null,
  "origins": [
    {"acquisition": "automatic", "artifact_id": "msl-global-filter2m-nc", "bytes": 66087, "citation_full": "CNES, & CLS. (2026). AVISO Global Mean Sea Level Indicator [Dataset]. CNES. https://doi.org/10.24400/527896/AVISO-2025.010. Credits: EU Copernicus Marine Service/CNES/LEGOS/CLS, https://aviso.altimetry.fr/msl", "date_accessed": "2026-10-04", "date_published": "2026-09-26", "doi": "10.24400/527896/AVISO-2025.010", "etag": "\"10227-65ce67010d8c2\"", "last_modified": "Sat, 03 Oct 2026 02:30:52 GMT", "licence": {"name": "AVISO License Agreement, Issue 20 (custom CC BY-like licence; not CC BY 4.0)", "spdx": null, "url": "https://www.aviso.altimetry.fr/fileadmin/documents/data/License_Aviso_ini.pdf"}, "producer": "CNES / AVISO+ (produced with CLS and LEGOS)", "r2_url": null, "sha256": "d7a57922352a1d8f9317e41a43b767ef9b67ec5540d67e52627e67837f9da862", "source_id": "aviso-gmsl", "title": "AVISO reference global mean sea level from satellite altimetry", "url_download": "https://data.aviso.altimetry.fr/aviso-gateway/data/indicators/msl/MSL_Serie_MERGED_Global_AVISO_GIA_Adjust_Filter2m.nc", "url_main": "https://www.aviso.altimetry.fr/en/data/products/ocean-indicators-products/mean-sea-level.html", "version_producer": "2026-09-26 (doi:10.24400/527896/AVISO-2025.010)", "wayback_url": null}
  ],
  "processing": [
    {
      "description": "Read the msl variable (global mean sea level anomaly, metres) and the cycle times of MSL_Serie_MERGED_Global_AVISO_GIA_Adjust_Filter2m.nc, created by AVISO on 26 September 2026: 1236 values about 10 days apart from 5 January 1993 to 15 August 2026. Checked the product DOI, zone GLOBAL, the glacial isostatic adjustment correction, the 2-month filter and that annual and semi-annual signals are removed, as the file's attributes state.",
      "inputs": ["d7a57922352a1d8f9317e41a43b767ef9b67ec5540d67e52627e67837f9da862"],
      "lock_sha256": "7e110986c30381965c2e6096466c401cbf72bd1b7a828369f6f6c14c909dcbda",
      "script": "pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/ocean/aviso_gmsl.py",
      "transform_sha256": "e2b1d842e3df28d784b2938a85968ab40fddca0cf3c8317beb95f584d8d794c7"
    },
    {
      "description": "Averaged the cycle values dated in each calendar month (arithmetic mean). Of the 403 months published, 9 hold 2, 360 hold 3, 34 hold 4 cycles. The month of the last cycle (2026-08) is not published because the record stops part-way through it.",
      "inputs": ["d7a57922352a1d8f9317e41a43b767ef9b67ec5540d67e52627e67837f9da862"],
      "lock_sha256": "7e110986c30381965c2e6096466c401cbf72bd1b7a828369f6f6c14c909dcbda",
      "script": "pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/ocean/aviso_gmsl.py",
      "transform_sha256": "e2b1d842e3df28d784b2938a85968ab40fddca0cf3c8317beb95f584d8d794c7"
    },
    {
      "description": "Re-based to the mean of the twelve 1993 monthly values (7.233 mm on AVISO's scale, which has no stated reference period) and converted from metres to millimetres.",
      "inputs": ["d7a57922352a1d8f9317e41a43b767ef9b67ec5540d67e52627e67837f9da862"],
      "lock_sha256": "7e110986c30381965c2e6096466c401cbf72bd1b7a828369f6f6c14c909dcbda",
      "script": "pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/ocean/aviso_gmsl.py",
      "transform_sha256": "e2b1d842e3df28d784b2938a85968ab40fddca0cf3c8317beb95f584d8d794c7"
    },
    {
      "description": "AVISO's 1-sigma uncertainty envelope is defined for its own cycle values and is not published for these monthly means.",
      "inputs": ["d7a57922352a1d8f9317e41a43b767ef9b67ec5540d67e52627e67837f9da862"],
      "lock_sha256": "7e110986c30381965c2e6096466c401cbf72bd1b7a828369f6f6c14c909dcbda",
      "script": "pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/ocean/aviso_gmsl.py",
      "transform_sha256": "e2b1d842e3df28d784b2938a85968ab40fddca0cf3c8317beb95f584d8d794c7"
    }
  ],
  "published_value": null,
  "schema_version": 1,
  "scope": {
    "baseline": "1993 mean of this series (mean of its twelve 1993 monthly values)",
    "basis": "Satellite altimetry, AVISO reference GMSL product (doi:10.24400/527896/AVISO-2025.010): corrected for glacial isostatic adjustment, annual and semi-annual signals removed, 2-month filter, TOPEX-A drift and Jason-3 radiometer corrections included. Monthly means of the cycle values computed by Environment Dashboard; the month in which the record ends is left out.",
    "bunkers": null,
    "geography": "Global ocean mean between about 66° S and 66° N (the reference missions' coverage)",
    "gwp": null,
    "lulucf": null
  },
  "superseded_by": null,
  "table": {
    "dims": {},
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    "period": ["1993-01", "1993-02", "1993-03", "1993-04", "1993-05", "1993-06", "1993-07", "1993-08", "1993-09", "1993-10", "1993-11", "1993-12", "1994-01", "1994-02", "1994-03", "1994-04", "1994-05", "1994-06", "1994-07", "1994-08", "1994-09", "1994-10", "1994-11", "1994-12", "1995-01", "1995-02", "1995-03", "1995-04", "1995-05", "1995-06", "1995-07", "1995-08", "1995-09", "1995-10", "1995-11", "1995-12", "1996-01", "1996-02", "1996-03", "1996-04", "1996-05", "1996-06", "1996-07", "1996-08", "1996-09", "1996-10", "1996-11", "1996-12", "1997-01", "1997-02", "1997-03", "1997-04", "1997-05", "1997-06", "1997-07", "1997-08", "1997-09", "1997-10", "1997-11", "1997-12", "1998-01", "1998-02", "1998-03", "1998-04", "1998-05", "1998-06", "1998-07", "1998-08", "1998-09", "1998-10", "1998-11", "1998-12", "1999-01", "1999-02", "1999-03", "1999-04", "1999-05", "1999-06", "1999-07", "1999-08", "1999-09", "1999-10", "1999-11", "1999-12", "2000-01", "2000-02", "2000-03", "2000-04", "2000-05", "2000-06", "2000-07", "2000-08", "2000-09", "2000-10", "2000-11", "2000-12", "2001-01", "2001-02", "2001-03", "2001-04", "2001-05", "2001-06", "2001-07", "2001-08", "2001-09", "2001-10", "2001-11", "2001-12", "2002-01", "2002-02", "2002-03", "2002-04", "2002-05", "2002-06", "2002-07", "2002-08", "2002-09", "2002-10", "2002-11", "2002-12", "2003-01", "2003-02", "2003-03", "2003-04", "2003-05", "2003-06", "2003-07", "2003-08", "2003-09", "2003-10", "2003-11", "2003-12", "2004-01", "2004-02", "2004-03", "2004-04", "2004-05", "2004-06", "2004-07", "2004-08", "2004-09", "2004-10", "2004-11", "2004-12", "2005-01", "2005-02", "2005-03", "2005-04", "2005-05", "2005-06", "2005-07", "2005-08", "2005-09", "2005-10", "2005-11", "2005-12", "2006-01", "2006-02", "2006-03", "2006-04", "2006-05", "2006-06", "2006-07", "2006-08", "2006-09", "2006-10", "2006-11", "2006-12", "2007-01", "2007-02", "2007-03", "2007-04", "2007-05", "2007-06", "2007-07", "2007-08", "2007-09", "2007-10", "2007-11", "2007-12", "2008-01", "2008-02", "2008-03", "2008-04", "2008-05", "2008-06", "2008-07", "2008-08", "2008-09", "2008-10", "2008-11", "2008-12", "2009-01", "2009-02", "2009-03", "2009-04", "2009-05", "2009-06", "2009-07", "2009-08", "2009-09", "2009-10", "2009-11", "2009-12", "2010-01", "2010-02", "2010-03", "2010-04", "2010-05", "2010-06", "2010-07", "2010-08", "2010-09", "2010-10", "2010-11", "2010-12", "2011-01", "2011-02", "2011-03", "2011-04", "2011-05", "2011-06", "2011-07", "2011-08", "2011-09", "2011-10", "2011-11", "2011-12", "2012-01", "2012-02", "2012-03", "2012-04", "2012-05", "2012-06", "2012-07", "2012-08", "2012-09", "2012-10", "2012-11", "2012-12", "2013-01", "2013-02", "2013-03", "2013-04", "2013-05", "2013-06", "2013-07", "2013-08", "2013-09", "2013-10", "2013-11", "2013-12", "2014-01", "2014-02", "2014-03", "2014-04", "2014-05", "2014-06", "2014-07", "2014-08", "2014-09", "2014-10", "2014-11", "2014-12", "2015-01", "2015-02", "2015-03", "2015-04", "2015-05", "2015-06", "2015-07", "2015-08", "2015-09", "2015-10", "2015-11", "2015-12", "2016-01", "2016-02", "2016-03", "2016-04", "2016-05", "2016-06", "2016-07", "2016-08", "2016-09", "2016-10", "2016-11", "2016-12", "2017-01", "2017-02", "2017-03", "2017-04", "2017-05", "2017-06", "2017-07", "2017-08", "2017-09", "2017-10", "2017-11", "2017-12", "2018-01", "2018-02", "2018-03", "2018-04", "2018-05", "2018-06", "2018-07", "2018-08", "2018-09", "2018-10", "2018-11", "2018-12", "2019-01", "2019-02", "2019-03", "2019-04", "2019-05", "2019-06", "2019-07", "2019-08", "2019-09", "2019-10", "2019-11", "2019-12", "2020-01", "2020-02", "2020-03", "2020-04", "2020-05", "2020-06", "2020-07", "2020-08", "2020-09", "2020-10", "2020-11", "2020-12", "2021-01", "2021-02", "2021-03", "2021-04", "2021-05", "2021-06", "2021-07", "2021-08", "2021-09", "2021-10", "2021-11", "2021-12", "2022-01", "2022-02", "2022-03", "2022-04", "2022-05", "2022-06", "2022-07", "2022-08", "2022-09", "2022-10", "2022-11", "2022-12", "2023-01", "2023-02", "2023-03", "2023-04", "2023-05", "2023-06", "2023-07", "2023-08", "2023-09", "2023-10", "2023-11", "2023-12", "2024-01", "2024-02", "2024-03", "2024-04", "2024-05", "2024-06", "2024-07", "2024-08", "2024-09", "2024-10", "2024-11", "2024-12", "2025-01", "2025-02", "2025-03", "2025-04", "2025-05", "2025-06", "2025-07", "2025-08", "2025-09", "2025-10", "2025-11", "2025-12", "2026-01", "2026-02", "2026-03", "2026-04", "2026-05", "2026-06", "2026-07"],
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  },
  "time_basis": "calendar",
  "title": "Global mean sea level change since 1993, monthly (AVISO satellite altimetry)",
  "unit": {
    "code": "mm",
    "label": "millimetres",
    "short": "mm"
  },
  "vintage": "2026-09-26 (doi:10.24400/527896/AVISO-2025.010)"
}