{
  "attribution": "Calculated by Environment Dashboard from NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies GISTEMP v4 data (GISTEMP Team), accessed 2026-10-04. Changes: annual anomalies re-based from 1951–1980 to the 1880–1899 mean of the same dataset; 2026 left out as a partial year.",
  "description": "Global mean surface temperature for each complete year since 1880, as the difference from the 1880–1899 average of the same dataset. NASA GISS has no observations before 1880, so this series is not relative to 1850–1900.",
  "dimensions": [],
  "display": {
    "decimals": 2
  },
  "geo_coverage": "global-only",
  "headline_entity": "WLD",
  "id": "temp.gistemp-v4.annual-1880-1899",
  "kind": "series",
  "latest": {
    "age_bp": null,
    "dims": {},
    "entity": "WLD",
    "period": "2025",
    "status": "final",
    "value": 1.4205
  },
  "licence": {
    "name": "Public domain (work of the US federal government)",
    "spdx": null,
    "url": "https://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap1.html#105"
  },
  "licence_class": "open",
  "notes": [],
  "notice": null,
  "origins": [
    {"acquisition": "automatic", "artifact_id": "glb-monthly", "bytes": 12887, "citation_full": "GISTEMP Team, 2026: GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (GISTEMP), version 4. NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. Dataset accessed 2026-10-04 at https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/. Lenssen, N., G.A. Schmidt, M. Hendrickson, P. Jacobs, M. Menne, and R. Ruedy, 2024: A GISTEMPv4 observational uncertainty ensemble. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 129, no. 17, e2023JD040179, doi:10.1029/2023JD040179.", "date_accessed": "2026-10-04", "date_published": null, "doi": null, "etag": "\"3257-65af2da6d72dd\"", "last_modified": "Tue, 08 Sep 2026 06:29:13 GMT", "licence": {"name": "Public domain (work of the US federal government)", "spdx": null, "url": "https://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap1.html#105"}, "producer": "NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies", "r2_url": "https://files.environmentdashboard.org/raw/c9ce0750ca93a8241c42fe86cd5bf54d07b28b21ae650b0ae49a206907018cd9.zst", "sha256": "c9ce0750ca93a8241c42fe86cd5bf54d07b28b21ae650b0ae49a206907018cd9", "source_id": "gistemp-v4", "title": "GISS Surface Temperature Analysis, version 4 (GISTEMP v4)", "url_download": "https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/tabledata_v4/GLB.Ts+dSST.csv", "url_main": "https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/", "version_producer": "v4 2026-08", "wayback_url": null}
  ],
  "processing": [
    {
      "description": "Read the January–December mean (J-D) of GISTEMP v4's global Land-Ocean Temperature Index table GLB.Ts+dSST.csv (°C relative to 1951–1980, two decimals).",
      "inputs": ["c9ce0750ca93a8241c42fe86cd5bf54d07b28b21ae650b0ae49a206907018cd9"],
      "lock_sha256": "7e110986c30381965c2e6096466c401cbf72bd1b7a828369f6f6c14c909dcbda",
      "script": "pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/temperature/gistemp.py",
      "transform_sha256": "8cd1cacfd44b039ea84fa61167c98e2840f2fe9a8fcf7891b03d5c1747ddfbf4"
    },
    {
      "description": "Left out 2026: the table has 8 of its 12 months and prints *** for its J-D mean. A year is published only when GISS prints its J-D value, which it does once all twelve months are in.",
      "inputs": ["c9ce0750ca93a8241c42fe86cd5bf54d07b28b21ae650b0ae49a206907018cd9"],
      "lock_sha256": "7e110986c30381965c2e6096466c401cbf72bd1b7a828369f6f6c14c909dcbda",
      "script": "pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/temperature/gistemp.py",
      "transform_sha256": "8cd1cacfd44b039ea84fa61167c98e2840f2fe9a8fcf7891b03d5c1747ddfbf4"
    },
    {
      "description": "Re-based to the dataset's own 1880–1899 mean, the first step of the method in the GISTEMP FAQ: subtracted the mean of the 20 J-D values 1880–1899, -0.2305 °C relative to 1951–1980 (exact decimal arithmetic on the printed values), from every year. GISS has no observations before 1880. The FAQ's second step, about 0.038 °C estimated from the HadCRUT, NOAA and Berkeley Earth analyses to reach 1850–1900, is not applied, so these values are relative to 1880–1899, not 1850–1900.",
      "inputs": ["c9ce0750ca93a8241c42fe86cd5bf54d07b28b21ae650b0ae49a206907018cd9"],
      "lock_sha256": "7e110986c30381965c2e6096466c401cbf72bd1b7a828369f6f6c14c909dcbda",
      "script": "pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/temperature/gistemp.py",
      "transform_sha256": "8cd1cacfd44b039ea84fa61167c98e2840f2fe9a8fcf7891b03d5c1747ddfbf4"
    }
  ],
  "published_value": null,
  "schema_version": 1,
  "scope": {
    "baseline": "1880–1899 mean of this dataset (GISS publishes no observed 1850–1900 series)",
    "basis": "GISTEMP v4 Land-Ocean Temperature Index: NOAA GHCN v4 weather-station air temperatures over land and NOAA ERSST v5 sea-surface temperatures over the ocean.",
    "bunkers": null,
    "geography": "Global mean",
    "gwp": null,
    "lulucf": null
  },
  "superseded_by": null,
  "table": {
    "dims": {},
    "entity": ["WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD", "WLD"],
    "period": ["1880", "1881", "1882", "1883", "1884", "1885", "1886", "1887", "1888", "1889", "1890", "1891", "1892", "1893", "1894", "1895", "1896", "1897", "1898", "1899", "1900", "1901", "1902", "1903", "1904", "1905", "1906", "1907", "1908", "1909", "1910", "1911", "1912", "1913", "1914", "1915", "1916", "1917", "1918", "1919", "1920", "1921", "1922", "1923", "1924", "1925", "1926", "1927", "1928", "1929", "1930", "1931", "1932", "1933", "1934", "1935", "1936", "1937", "1938", "1939", "1940", "1941", "1942", "1943", "1944", "1945", "1946", "1947", "1948", "1949", "1950", "1951", "1952", "1953", "1954", "1955", "1956", "1957", "1958", "1959", "1960", "1961", "1962", "1963", "1964", "1965", "1966", "1967", "1968", "1969", "1970", "1971", "1972", "1973", "1974", "1975", "1976", "1977", "1978", "1979", "1980", "1981", "1982", "1983", "1984", "1985", "1986", "1987", "1988", "1989", "1990", "1991", "1992", "1993", "1994", "1995", "1996", "1997", "1998", "1999", "2000", "2001", "2002", "2003", "2004", "2005", "2006", "2007", "2008", "2009", "2010", "2011", "2012", "2013", "2014", "2015", "2016", "2017", "2018", "2019", "2020", "2021", "2022", "2023", "2024", "2025"],
    "status": ["final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final", "final"],
    "value": [0.0505, 0.1405, 0.1105, 0.0505, -0.0595, -0.1095, -0.0895, -0.1395, 0.0505, 0.1205, -0.1295, 0.0005, -0.0495, -0.0895, -0.0795, 0.0005, 0.1105, 0.1105, -0.0495, 0.0505, 0.1405, 0.0705, -0.0595, -0.1495, -0.2495, -0.0395, 0.0005, -0.1595, -0.1995, -0.2595, -0.2095, -0.2195, -0.1395, -0.1295, 0.0605, 0.0805, -0.1395, -0.2295, -0.0695, -0.0495, -0.0495, 0.0405, -0.0595, -0.0395, -0.0395, 0.0105, 0.1205, 0.0105, 0.0305, -0.1295, 0.0705, 0.1405, 0.0705, -0.0595, 0.1005, 0.0305, 0.0805, 0.2005, 0.2205, 0.2105, 0.3505, 0.4105, 0.2905, 0.3205, 0.4305, 0.3205, 0.1605, 0.2005, 0.1205, 0.1205, 0.0505, 0.1605, 0.2405, 0.3105, 0.1005, 0.0905, 0.0405, 0.2805, 0.2905, 0.2605, 0.2105, 0.2905, 0.2605, 0.2805, 0.0305, 0.1205, 0.1705, 0.2105, 0.1505, 0.2805, 0.2605, 0.1505, 0.2405, 0.3905, 0.1605, 0.2205, 0.1305, 0.4105, 0.3005, 0.3905, 0.4905, 0.5505, 0.3705, 0.5405, 0.3905, 0.3505, 0.4105, 0.5505, 0.6205, 0.5005, 0.6805, 0.6405, 0.4505, 0.4605, 0.5505, 0.6805, 0.5605, 0.7005, 0.8405, 0.6105, 0.6205, 0.7605, 0.8605, 0.8505, 0.7605, 0.9105, 0.8705, 0.8905, 0.7705, 0.8905, 0.9505, 0.8405, 0.8805, 0.9105, 0.9805, 1.1305, 1.2405, 1.1505, 1.0805, 1.2105, 1.2405, 1.0805, 1.1205, 1.4005, 1.5205, 1.4205]
  },
  "time_basis": "calendar",
  "title": "Global surface temperature above 1880–1899 (GISTEMP v4)",
  "unit": {
    "code": "degC",
    "label": "degrees Celsius",
    "short": "°C"
  },
  "vintage": "v4 2026-08"
}