{
  "attribution": "Calculated by Environment Dashboard from HadCRUT.5.2.0.0. HadCRUT.5.2.0.0 data were obtained from http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5 on 2026-10-04 and are © British Crown Copyright, Met Office 2026, provided under an Open Government License, http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/ Changes: anomalies and their 95% range re-based from 1961–1990 to the 1850–1900 mean of the same dataset; 2026 left out as a partial year.",
  "description": "Global mean near-surface temperature for each complete year since 1850, as the difference from the 1850–1900 average of the same dataset, with the 95% range.",
  "dimensions": [],
  "display": {
    "decimals": 2
  },
  "geo_coverage": "global-only",
  "headline_entity": "WLD",
  "id": "temp.hadcrut5.annual-1850-1900",
  "kind": "series",
  "latest": {
    "age_bp": null,
    "dims": {},
    "entity": "WLD",
    "period": "2025",
    "status": "final",
    "value": 1.432652257
  },
  "licence": {
    "name": "Open Government Licence v3.0 (Crown copyright)",
    "spdx": "OGL-UK-3.0",
    "url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/"
  },
  "licence_class": "open",
  "notes": [],
  "notice": null,
  "origins": [
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    {"acquisition": "automatic", "artifact_id": "global-monthly", "bytes": 89634, "citation_full": "Morice, C. P., Kennedy, J. J., Rayner, N. A., Winn, J. P., Hogan, E., Killick, R. E., et al. (2021). An updated assessment of near-surface temperature change from 1850: the HadCRUT5 data set. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 126, e2019JD032361. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD032361", "date_accessed": "2026-10-04", "date_published": "2026-09-18", "doi": "10.1029/2019JD032361", "etag": "\"15e22-65cdb332f5bab\"", "last_modified": "Fri, 02 Oct 2026 13:06:26 GMT", "licence": {"name": "Open Government Licence v3.0 (Crown copyright)", "spdx": "OGL-UK-3.0", "url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/"}, "producer": "Met Office Hadley Centre and University of East Anglia Climatic Research Unit", "r2_url": "https://files.environmentdashboard.org/raw/dd4449a3e25b75396ec4f0445f8647e5b9f5a10f3993929fb82918f3ec135dd1.zst", "sha256": "dd4449a3e25b75396ec4f0445f8647e5b9f5a10f3993929fb82918f3ec135dd1", "source_id": "hadcrut5", "title": "HadCRUT5 near-surface temperature anomalies", "url_download": "https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5/data/HadCRUT.5.2.0.0/analysis/diagnostics/HadCRUT.5.2.0.0.analysis.summary_series.global.monthly.csv", "url_main": "https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5/", "version_producer": "5.2.0.0", "wayback_url": null}
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    {
      "description": "Excluded 2026: the monthly file has 8 of its 12 months, so the annual file's value for it is a partial-year average. A year is published only when all 12 months are in the monthly file.",
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    {
      "description": "Re-based to the dataset's own 1850–1900 mean: subtracted the mean of the 51 annual anomalies 1850–1900, -0.359435557 °C relative to 1961–1990 (exact decimal arithmetic on the printed values), from every anomaly and from both limits of the 95% range.",
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    "baseline": "1850–1900 mean of this dataset",
    "basis": "Blend of land air temperature (CRUTEM5) and sea-surface temperature (HadSST4), with statistical infilling of data-sparse regions (HadCRUT5 analysis).",
    "bunkers": null,
    "geography": "Global mean",
    "gwp": null,
    "lulucf": null
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  "superseded_by": null,
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  },
  "time_basis": "calendar",
  "title": "Global surface temperature above 1850–1900 (HadCRUT5)",
  "unit": {
    "code": "degC",
    "label": "degrees Celsius",
    "short": "°C"
  },
  "vintage": "5.2.0.0"
}