Data
Greenhouse gas emissions from agrifood systems, by stage: within the farm gate (including savanna fires and drained peat soils), land-use change, and before and after the farm
Greenhouse gas emissions from food and farming each year since 1990, for the world and each country, in carbon dioxide equivalent, split into FAO's three stages: within the farm gate (animals, manure, fertilisers, rice fields, crop residues, drained peat soils, savanna fires and energy used on farms), land-use change (clearing forests for farming, fires in humid tropical forests and fires in peat soils), and pre- and post-production (making fertilisers and pesticides, processing, packaging, transport, retail, household food consumption and waste disposal). The three stages add up exactly to FAO's agrifood systems total. The forest carbon sink is not part of that total and is not shown.
Latest value
8,097.0Mt CO₂e
Countries and territories, and the world, 2023. Version 2025-10-28.
Greenhouse gas emissions from agrifood systems, by stage: within the farm gate (including savanna fires and drained peat soils), land-use change, and before and after the farm (million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent)
Show as a table
| Period | Stage | Value (Mt CO₂e) | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | On the farm | 6,702.7 | final |
| 1991 | On the farm | 6,708.9 | final |
| 1992 | On the farm | 6,527.3 | final |
| 1993 | On the farm | 6,502.8 | final |
| 1994 | On the farm | 6,562.4 | final |
| 1995 | On the farm | 6,640.6 | final |
| 1996 | On the farm | 6,676.1 | final |
| 1997 | On the farm | 6,594.3 | final |
| 1998 | On the farm | 6,644.5 | final |
| 1999 | On the farm | 6,698.7 | final |
| 2000 | On the farm | 6,693.6 | final |
| 2001 | On the farm | 6,705.8 | final |
| 2002 | On the farm | 6,742.3 | final |
| 2003 | On the farm | 6,761.9 | final |
| 2004 | On the farm | 6,912.6 | final |
| 2005 | On the farm | 6,984.0 | final |
| 2006 | On the farm | 7,086.5 | final |
| 2007 | On the farm | 7,142.9 | final |
| 2008 | On the farm | 7,180.9 | final |
| 2009 | On the farm | 7,171.2 | final |
| 2010 | On the farm | 7,253.5 | final |
| 2011 | On the farm | 7,408.7 | final |
| 2012 | On the farm | 7,438.4 | final |
| 2013 | On the farm | 7,433.5 | final |
| 2014 | On the farm | 7,500.9 | final |
| 2015 | On the farm | 7,509.6 | final |
| 2016 | On the farm | 7,584.8 | final |
| 2017 | On the farm | 7,707.2 | final |
| 2018 | On the farm | 7,701.7 | final |
| 2019 | On the farm | 7,731.7 | final |
| 2020 | On the farm | 7,834.4 | final |
| 2021 | On the farm | 7,928.7 | final |
| 2022 | On the farm | 7,966.4 | final |
| 2023 | On the farm | 8,097.0 | final |
| 1990 | Clearing land for farming | 5,571.1 | final |
| 1991 | Clearing land for farming | 5,571.1 | final |
| 1992 | Clearing land for farming | 5,571.1 | final |
| 1993 | Clearing land for farming | 5,571.1 | final |
| 1994 | Clearing land for farming | 5,571.1 | final |
| 1995 | Clearing land for farming | 5,571.1 | final |
| 1996 | Clearing land for farming | 5,366.1 | final |
| 1997 | Clearing land for farming | 6,365.8 | final |
| 1998 | Clearing land for farming | 5,636.2 | final |
| 1999 | Clearing land for farming | 5,444.1 | final |
| 2000 | Clearing land for farming | 5,311.2 | final |
| 2001 | Clearing land for farming | 3,382.6 | final |
| 2002 | Clearing land for farming | 3,910.0 | final |
| 2003 | Clearing land for farming | 3,577.7 | final |
| 2004 | Clearing land for farming | 3,956.7 | final |
| 2005 | Clearing land for farming | 3,670.9 | final |
| 2006 | Clearing land for farming | 4,034.6 | final |
| 2007 | Clearing land for farming | 3,481.8 | final |
| 2008 | Clearing land for farming | 3,426.0 | final |
| 2009 | Clearing land for farming | 3,824.1 | final |
| 2010 | Clearing land for farming | 3,486.7 | final |
| 2011 | Clearing land for farming | 3,383.7 | final |
| 2012 | Clearing land for farming | 3,397.1 | final |
| 2013 | Clearing land for farming | 3,355.3 | final |
| 2014 | Clearing land for farming | 3,706.1 | final |
| 2015 | Clearing land for farming | 3,745.2 | final |
| 2016 | Clearing land for farming | 2,949.8 | final |
| 2017 | Clearing land for farming | 2,905.1 | final |
| 2018 | Clearing land for farming | 3,067.0 | final |
| 2019 | Clearing land for farming | 3,332.3 | final |
| 2020 | Clearing land for farming | 2,930.6 | final |
| 2021 | Clearing land for farming | 2,970.3 | final |
| 2022 | Clearing land for farming | 2,938.6 | final |
| 2023 | Clearing land for farming | 3,190.1 | final |
| 1990 | Before and after the farm | 2,489.1 | final |
| 1991 | Before and after the farm | 2,656.4 | final |
| 1992 | Before and after the farm | 2,754.7 | final |
| 1993 | Before and after the farm | 2,798.4 | final |
| 1994 | Before and after the farm | 2,836.5 | final |
| 1995 | Before and after the farm | 2,973.2 | final |
| 1996 | Before and after the farm | 3,071.8 | final |
| 1997 | Before and after the farm | 3,128.7 | final |
| 1998 | Before and after the farm | 3,173.6 | final |
| 1999 | Before and after the farm | 3,240.0 | final |
| 2000 | Before and after the farm | 3,425.2 | final |
| 2001 | Before and after the farm | 3,526.3 | final |
| 2002 | Before and after the farm | 3,551.8 | final |
| 2003 | Before and after the farm | 3,672.0 | final |
| 2004 | Before and after the farm | 3,787.9 | final |
| 2005 | Before and after the farm | 3,880.3 | final |
| 2006 | Before and after the farm | 3,991.0 | final |
| 2007 | Before and after the farm | 4,139.5 | final |
| 2008 | Before and after the farm | 4,219.8 | final |
| 2009 | Before and after the farm | 4,235.9 | final |
| 2010 | Before and after the farm | 4,380.3 | final |
| 2011 | Before and after the farm | 4,491.4 | final |
| 2012 | Before and after the farm | 4,547.0 | final |
| 2013 | Before and after the farm | 4,727.0 | final |
| 2014 | Before and after the farm | 4,797.3 | final |
| 2015 | Before and after the farm | 4,792.9 | final |
| 2016 | Before and after the farm | 4,865.2 | final |
| 2017 | Before and after the farm | 4,872.5 | final |
| 2018 | Before and after the farm | 4,920.8 | final |
| 2019 | Before and after the farm | 4,932.6 | final |
| 2020 | Before and after the farm | 4,976.6 | final |
| 2021 | Before and after the farm | 5,154.1 | final |
| 2022 | Before and after the farm | 5,247.4 | final |
| 2023 | Before and after the farm | 5,248.0 | final |
Where it comes from
- Producer
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Statistics Division · FAOSTAT agrifood emissions, livestock emissions, emissions intensities, land use and food loss
- Version
- 2025-10-28
- Fetched
- 2026-10-04 (automatically), 20,501,708 bytes
- Fingerprint
- sha256 d2c47e116553711f7c2fd6b62437db511038fd9bd9ec77815fa69ff7a18a89a9ETag "99a1f7889c9873df9bdb619a99572a1f-3" · Last-Modified Sat, 06 Dec 2025 15:13:44 GMT
- Copies
- No Wayback copy recorded yet.Our copy of the exact file
- Cite the producer
- FAO. 2025. FAOSTAT. Accessed on 5 October 2026. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data Licence: CC-BY-4.0.
- Producer
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Statistics Division · FAOSTAT agrifood emissions, livestock emissions, emissions intensities, land use and food loss
- Version
- 2025-10-28
- Fetched
- 2026-10-05 (automatically), 109,120 bytes
- Fingerprint
- sha256 008f475c971a7770c69b1bc48f1c3a5fa8bf3873e762d6e1e9516bb0a700ebdaETag W/"157c9ec8e5eea09a02497cc10f67bcdb" · Last-Modified Mon, 05 Oct 2026 12:49:35 GMT
- Copies
- No Wayback copy recorded yet.Our copy of the exact file
- Cite the producer
- FAO. 2025. FAOSTAT. Accessed on 5 October 2026. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data Licence: CC-BY-4.0.
What was done to it
Read Emissions_Totals_E_All_Data_(Normalized).csv from FAOSTAT's GT bulk zip. The vintage is the domain's DateUpdate, 28 October 2025, from FAOSTAT's bulk-download catalogue (datasets_E.json), whose entry names this zip and gives FileRows 2,500,090, the number of data rows in this file. The zip was last modified on the server on Sat, 06 Dec 2025 15:13:44 GMT.
Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/food/faostat_agrifood_stages.py · code sha256 636550f9686b9778… · inputs d2c47e116553… 008f475c971a…
Kept the "FAO TIER 1" rows of element "Emissions (CO2eq) (AR5)" (code 723113), in kilotonnes of CO₂-equivalent (IPCC AR5 100-year global warming potentials), for item "Agrifood systems" (6518), its three stage items and their 22 process items. Rows from FAO's "UNFCCC" source are not used.
Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/food/faostat_agrifood_stages.py · code sha256 636550f9686b9778… · inputs d2c47e116553… 008f475c971a…
Checked, in all 9,174 areas and years from 1990 where FAO prints them (FAO's regions included), that "Agrifood systems" equals the sum of the three stages and each stage equals the sum of its processes present, to within 0.01 kilotonnes. Nothing is computed from this check; it shows that the parts published are FAO's whole total, with no remainder.
Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/food/faostat_agrifood_stages.py · code sha256 636550f9686b9778… · inputs d2c47e116553… 008f475c971a…
Left out 6,293 area-years before 1990 that carry farm process rows only: FAO publishes no stage total or agrifood total before 1990, so those rows could not be checked against one.
Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/food/faostat_agrifood_stages.py · code sha256 636550f9686b9778… · inputs d2c47e116553… 008f475c971a…
Left out FAO's projections for 2030 and 2050, which the file flags F ("Forecast value").
Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/food/faostat_agrifood_stages.py · code sha256 636550f9686b9778… · inputs d2c47e116553… 008f475c971a…
Published the three stage items, 1990–2023, each value exactly as one row of the file.
Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/food/faostat_agrifood_stages.py · code sha256 636550f9686b9778… · inputs d2c47e116553… 008f475c971a…
Left out former states and territories reported only before their dissolution, with no entity here (Belgium-Luxembourg, Czechoslovakia, Ethiopia PDR, Netherlands Antilles (former), Pacific Islands Trust Territory, Sudan (former), USSR, Yugoslav SFR); FAO regional and analytical groups (Africa, Americas, Annex I countries, Asia, Australia and New Zealand, Caribbean, Central America, Central Asia, China, Eastern Africa, Eastern Asia, Eastern Europe, Europe, Land Locked Developing Countries (LLDCs), Latin America and the Caribbean, Least Developed Countries (LDCs), Low Income Food Deficit Countries (LIFDCs), Melanesia, Micronesia, Middle Africa, Net Food Importing Developing Countries (NFIDCs), Non-Annex I countries, Northern Africa, Northern America, Northern Europe, OECD, Oceania, Polynesia, Small Island Developing States (SIDS), South America, South-eastern Asia, Southern Africa, Southern Asia, Southern Europe, Western Africa, Western Asia, Western Europe); the European Union (27), a region (only the world and countries and territories are published). Their values are never re-assigned to other entities.
Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/food/faostat_agrifood_stages.py · code sha256 636550f9686b9778… · inputs d2c47e116553… 008f475c971a…
Converted kilotonnes to million tonnes by dividing by 1,000 (exact decimal arithmetic on the printed values).
Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/food/faostat_agrifood_stages.py · code sha256 636550f9686b9778… · inputs d2c47e116553… 008f475c971a…
Every value used carries FAO's flag E, which the file's codebook defines as "Estimated value".
Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/food/faostat_agrifood_stages.py · code sha256 636550f9686b9778… · inputs d2c47e116553… 008f475c971a…
Labelled FAO's items in plain words: "Farm gate" as "On the farm"; "Land-use change" as "Clearing land for farming"; "Pre- and post-production" as "Before and after the farm". Only the names shown differ; every value is FAO's item of that name.
Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/food/faostat_agrifood_stages.py · code sha256 636550f9686b9778… · inputs d2c47e116553… 008f475c971a…
What it covers
- Geography
- Countries and territories, and the world
- Gases combined with
- AR5-GWP100
- Land use, land-use change and forestry
- included
- Basis
- FAOSTAT items "Farm gate" (6996), "Land-use change" (6516) and "Pre- and post-production" (6517), which add up to item "Agrifood systems" (6518). FAO TIER 1 estimates for every country with the same method, not country inventory submissions, so they can differ from a country's own inventory. Farm gate is FAO's grouping: it includes on-farm energy use, drained organic soils and savanna fires as well as livestock and crop emissions. Land-use change counts only what FAO attributes to agriculture: net forest conversion (deforestation) plus fires in humid tropical forests and in organic soils (peat). The carbon taken up by standing forests (FAOSTAT item "Forestland", a net removal) is outside FAO's agrifood total: it is not subtracted and not shown. Net forest conversion uses FAO Forest Resources Assessment period averages, so it is constant within each assessment period and steps between periods, including a method break between 2000 and 2001; year-to-year changes in land-use change are partly an artefact of that method. Pre- and post-production covers fertilizer and pesticide manufacturing, food processing, packaging, transport, retail, household consumption (cooking, storing) and agrifood waste disposal. International aviation and shipping bunkers are a separate FAOSTAT item and are not included. Stage totals start in 1990.
- Unit
- million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (Mt CO₂e)