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Greenhouse gas emissions by gas, all sectors including land use

Each year's emissions from all sectors, including net land use and excluding international aviation and shipping, split by gas: carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and fluorinated gases, each in carbon dioxide equivalent (carbon dioxide counts as itself), as published by FAO for the world and each country since 1990. The four gases add up to the all-gas total. Carbon dioxide includes the net carbon dioxide of land use, land-use change and forestry, so it can be below zero for a country whose forests take up more carbon than it emits. Where FAO publishes no fluorinated-gas row (67 countries and territories in the October 2025 release) the gas is left missing, never set to zero.

Latest value

38.27Gt CO₂e

The world, countries and territories, and the European Union (27), 2023. Version 2025-10-28.

Greenhouse gas emissions by gas, all sectors including land use (billion tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent)

136 values from 1990 to 2023. Lines: Carbon dioxide, Methane, Nitrous oxide, Fluorinated gases.
Show as a table
Greenhouse gas emissions by gas, all sectors including land use, every value
PeriodGasValue (Gt CO₂e)Status
1990Carbon dioxide24.19final
1991Carbon dioxide24.77final
1992Carbon dioxide24.47final
1993Carbon dioxide24.65final
1994Carbon dioxide24.73final
1995Carbon dioxide25.18final
1996Carbon dioxide25.64final
1997Carbon dioxide26.47final
1998Carbon dioxide25.82final
1999Carbon dioxide26.26final
2000Carbon dioxide26.92final
2001Carbon dioxide25.15final
2002Carbon dioxide26.07final
2003Carbon dioxide27.21final
2004Carbon dioxide28.49final
2005Carbon dioxide29.21final
2006Carbon dioxide30.50final
2007Carbon dioxide30.92final
2008Carbon dioxide31.67final
2009Carbon dioxide31.55final
2010Carbon dioxide32.94final
2011Carbon dioxide33.59final
2012Carbon dioxide34.11final
2013Carbon dioxide34.29final
2014Carbon dioxide34.91final
2015Carbon dioxide34.97final
2016Carbon dioxide34.95final
2017Carbon dioxide35.54final
2018Carbon dioxide36.49final
2019Carbon dioxide37.16final
2020Carbon dioxide35.17final
2021Carbon dioxide37.15final
2022Carbon dioxide37.62final
2023Carbon dioxide38.27final
1990Methane7.37final
1991Methane7.32final
1992Methane7.32final
1993Methane7.31final
1994Methane7.38final
1995Methane7.47final
1996Methane7.52final
1997Methane7.79final
1998Methane7.58final
1999Methane7.52final
2000Methane7.53final
2001Methane7.46final
2002Methane7.56final
2003Methane7.68final
2004Methane7.91final
2005Methane7.95final
2006Methane8.16final
2007Methane8.08final
2008Methane8.12final
2009Methane8.17final
2010Methane8.23final
2011Methane8.48final
2012Methane8.56final
2013Methane8.49final
2014Methane8.66final
2015Methane8.69final
2016Methane8.59final
2017Methane8.72final
2018Methane8.88final
2019Methane9.04final
2020Methane8.85final
2021Methane9.01final
2022Methane9.17final
2023Methane9.43final
1990Nitrous oxide2.29final
1991Nitrous oxide2.28final
1992Nitrous oxide2.29final
1993Nitrous oxide2.27final
1994Nitrous oxide2.30final
1995Nitrous oxide2.36final
1996Nitrous oxide2.37final
1997Nitrous oxide2.34final
1998Nitrous oxide2.38final
1999Nitrous oxide2.38final
2000Nitrous oxide2.36final
2001Nitrous oxide2.37final
2002Nitrous oxide2.40final
2003Nitrous oxide2.45final
2004Nitrous oxide2.52final
2005Nitrous oxide2.54final
2006Nitrous oxide2.56final
2007Nitrous oxide2.64final
2008Nitrous oxide2.59final
2009Nitrous oxide2.56final
2010Nitrous oxide2.66final
2011Nitrous oxide2.71final
2012Nitrous oxide2.74final
2013Nitrous oxide2.71final
2014Nitrous oxide2.74final
2015Nitrous oxide2.75final
2016Nitrous oxide2.77final
2017Nitrous oxide2.83final
2018Nitrous oxide2.81final
2019Nitrous oxide2.84final
2020Nitrous oxide2.87final
2021Nitrous oxide2.90final
2022Nitrous oxide2.87final
2023Nitrous oxide2.95final
1990Fluorinated gases0.35final
1991Fluorinated gases0.36final
1992Fluorinated gases0.35final
1993Fluorinated gases0.35final
1994Fluorinated gases0.37final
1995Fluorinated gases0.40final
1996Fluorinated gases0.42final
1997Fluorinated gases0.44final
1998Fluorinated gases0.46final
1999Fluorinated gases0.47final
2000Fluorinated gases0.50final
2001Fluorinated gases0.50final
2002Fluorinated gases0.57final
2003Fluorinated gases0.60final
2004Fluorinated gases0.67final
2005Fluorinated gases0.71final
2006Fluorinated gases0.74final
2007Fluorinated gases0.76final
2008Fluorinated gases0.75final
2009Fluorinated gases0.77final
2010Fluorinated gases0.82final
2011Fluorinated gases0.87final
2012Fluorinated gases0.92final
2013Fluorinated gases0.97final
2014Fluorinated gases1.03final
2015Fluorinated gases1.00final
2016Fluorinated gases1.05final
2017Fluorinated gases1.11final
2018Fluorinated gases1.17final
2019Fluorinated gases1.22final
2020Fluorinated gases1.27final
2021Fluorinated gases1.33final
2022Fluorinated gases1.39final
2023Fluorinated gases1.45final
Calculated by Environment Dashboard from FAO. 2025. FAOSTAT. Accessed on 5 October 2026. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data Licence: CC-BY-4.0. Energy, industrial processes, waste and other emissions from Gütschow, J., Busch, D. & Pflüger, M. (2025), The PRIMAP-hist national historical emissions time series (1750-2024) v2.7, doi:10.5281/zenodo.17090760, licensed CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; method in Gütschow et al. (2016), Earth System Science Data 8, 571-603, doi:10.5194/essd-8-571-2016. Changes: converted from kilotonnes to billion tonnes of CO₂-equivalent. CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (inherited from PRIMAP-hist v2.7; FAO labels FAOSTAT CC BY 4.0).

Where it comes from

Producer
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Statistics Division · FAOSTAT greenhouse gas emissions from all sectors (with PRIMAP-hist v2.7)
Version
2025-10-28
File
https://bulks-faostat.fao.org/production/Emissions_Totals_E_All_Data_(Normalized).zip
Fetched
2026-10-04 (automatically), 20,501,708 bytes
Fingerprint
sha256 d2c47e116553711f7c2fd6b62437db511038fd9bd9ec77815fa69ff7a18a89a9ETag "99a1f7889c9873df9bdb619a99572a1f-3" · Last-Modified Sat, 06 Dec 2025 15:13:44 GMT
Copies
No Wayback copy recorded yet.Our copy of the exact file
Cite the producer
FAO. 2025. FAOSTAT. Accessed on 5 October 2026. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data Licence: CC-BY-4.0. Energy, industrial processes, waste and other emissions: Gütschow, J., Busch, D. & Pflüger, M. (2025). The PRIMAP-hist national historical emissions time series (1750-2024) v2.7. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17090760 Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0.
Producer
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Statistics Division · FAOSTAT greenhouse gas emissions from all sectors (with PRIMAP-hist v2.7)
Version
2025-10-28
File
https://bulks-faostat.fao.org/production/datasets_E.json
Fetched
2026-10-05 (automatically), 109,120 bytes
Fingerprint
sha256 008f475c971a7770c69b1bc48f1c3a5fa8bf3873e762d6e1e9516bb0a700ebdaETag W/"157c9ec8e5eea09a02497cc10f67bcdb" · Last-Modified Mon, 05 Oct 2026 12:49:35 GMT
Copies
No Wayback copy recorded yet.Our copy of the exact file
Cite the producer
FAO. 2025. FAOSTAT. Accessed on 5 October 2026. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data Licence: CC-BY-4.0. Energy, industrial processes, waste and other emissions: Gütschow, J., Busch, D. & Pflüger, M. (2025). The PRIMAP-hist national historical emissions time series (1750-2024) v2.7. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17090760 Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0.

What was done to it

  1. Read Emissions_Totals_E_All_Data_(Normalized).csv from FAOSTAT's Emissions totals (GT) bulk zip. The vintage is the domain's DateUpdate, 28 October 2025, from FAOSTAT's bulk-download catalogue (datasets_E.json), whose entry names this zip and gives FileRows 2,500,090, the number of data rows in this file. The zip was last modified on the server on Sat, 06 Dec 2025 15:13:44 GMT.

    Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/emissions/faostat_all_sectors.py · code sha256 6289feaf5cb49780… · inputs d2c47e116553… 008f475c971a…

  2. Kept the "FAO TIER 1" rows of item "All sectors with LULUCF" (code 6825) for the elements "Emissions (CO2)" (7273), "Emissions (CO2eq) from CH4 (AR5)" (724413), "Emissions (CO2eq) from N2O (AR5)" (724313), "Emissions (CO2eq) from F-gases (AR5)" (717815), in kilotonnes. Carbon dioxide is in kilotonnes of CO₂, which is its own CO₂-equivalent (global warming potential 1); the other three are FAO's CO₂-equivalents at IPCC AR5 100-year global warming potentials (methane 28, nitrous oxide 265).

    Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/emissions/faostat_all_sectors.py · code sha256 6289feaf5cb49780… · inputs d2c47e116553… 008f475c971a…

  3. Checked in every area and year that the four gases present add up to element "Emissions (CO2eq) (AR5)" (code 723113) of the same item within 0.001 kt; the transform stops otherwise.

    Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/emissions/faostat_all_sectors.py · code sha256 6289feaf5cb49780… · inputs d2c47e116553… 008f475c971a…

  4. Carbon dioxide includes the net carbon dioxide of land use, land-use change and forestry. 535 published carbon dioxide values are below zero, in 37 areas (ASM, BDI, BEN, BIH, BLR, BMU, BTN, CRI, CYM, ESH, FIN, FJI, GEO, GHA, GLP, HND, HTI, LAO, LCA, LVA, MNE, MNP, MSR, MTQ, NCL, NPL, PRI, PSE, PYF, REU, RWA, SDN, SUR, URY, VIR, VNM, WLF), where land use, land-use change and forestry takes up more carbon than the other emissions counted add up to; the lowest is LAO 2001 (-62024.0466 kt as printed). Published as printed.

    Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/emissions/faostat_all_sectors.py · code sha256 6289feaf5cb49780… · inputs d2c47e116553… 008f475c971a…

  5. FAO publishes no row for some parts of some areas' all-sector totals. Those parts are left missing, never filled or set to zero, and the published total of those areas is the sum of the parts that exist. ABW, AIA, ASM, ATG, BHS, BMU, BRB, BTN, CHI, COK, COM, CYM, DJI, ESH, FLK, FRO, GIB, GLP, GMB, GRL, GUF, GUM, HTI, IMN, KIR, KNA, LAO, LBR, MAC, MSR, MTQ, MYT, NCL, NFK, NIU, NRU, PCN, PNG, PRI, PSE, PYF, REU, SHN, SJM, SLE, SPM, SWZ, SYC, TCA, TKL, TLS, TON, TUV, TZA, UGA, VCT, VGB, VIR, VUT, WLF: no Fluorinated gases (element 717815) (1990–2023). FSM, MHL, MNP, PLW: no Fluorinated gases (element 717815) (1991–2023). ERI, ETH: no Fluorinated gases (element 717815) (1993–2023). KGZ: no Fluorinated gases (element 717815) (1992–2023).

    Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/emissions/faostat_all_sectors.py · code sha256 6289feaf5cb49780… · inputs d2c47e116553… 008f475c971a…

  6. Left out former states and territories reported only before their dissolution, with no entity here (Belgium-Luxembourg, Czechoslovakia, Ethiopia PDR, Netherlands Antilles (former), Pacific Islands Trust Territory, Sudan (former), USSR, Yugoslav SFR); FAO regional and analytical groups (Africa, Americas, Annex I countries, Asia, Australia and New Zealand, Caribbean, Central America, Central Asia, China, Eastern Africa, Eastern Asia, Eastern Europe, Europe, Land Locked Developing Countries (LLDCs), Latin America and the Caribbean, Least Developed Countries (LDCs), Low Income Food Deficit Countries (LIFDCs), Melanesia, Micronesia, Middle Africa, Net Food Importing Developing Countries (NFIDCs), Non-Annex I countries, Northern Africa, Northern America, Northern Europe, OECD, Oceania, Polynesia, Small Island Developing States (SIDS), South America, South-eastern Asia, Southern Africa, Southern Asia, Southern Europe, Western Africa, Western Asia, Western Europe). Their values are never re-assigned to other entities.

    Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/emissions/faostat_all_sectors.py · code sha256 6289feaf5cb49780… · inputs d2c47e116553… 008f475c971a…

  7. Converted kilotonnes to billion tonnes by dividing by 1,000,000 (exact decimal arithmetic on the printed values).

    Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/emissions/faostat_all_sectors.py · code sha256 6289feaf5cb49780… · inputs d2c47e116553… 008f475c971a…

  8. Every value used carries FAO's flag E, which the file's codebook defines as "Estimated value".

    Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/emissions/faostat_all_sectors.py · code sha256 6289feaf5cb49780… · inputs d2c47e116553… 008f475c971a…

What it covers

Geography
The world, countries and territories, and the European Union (27)
Gases combined with
AR5-GWP100
Land use, land-use change and forestry
included
Basis
Carbon dioxide is in tonnes of CO₂, its own CO₂-equivalent (global warming potential 1); methane, nitrous oxide and fluorinated gases are FAO's CO₂-equivalents at IPCC AR5 100-year global warming potentials (methane 28, nitrous oxide 265). The total split is FAOSTAT's six IPCC sectors: energy, industrial processes and product use, agriculture, land use, land-use change and forestry (net: emissions from deforestation, drained organic soils and fires minus the carbon taken up by existing forests, so it can be negative), waste and other. International aviation and shipping (bunker fuels) are not included. Agriculture and land use are FAO's own Tier 1 estimates; energy, industry, waste and other are PRIMAP-hist v2.7 third-party estimates, which count some territories inside their parent country (for example Bermuda in the United Kingdom, Greenland and the Faroe Islands in Denmark, Palestine in Israel, Puerto Rico in the United States). So such a parent country's energy, industry, waste and other emissions include those territories while its agriculture and land use do not, and for 28 territories in the October 2025 release FAO has no energy, industry, waste or other rows, so their total covers agriculture and land use only. Estimates, not country inventory submissions.
Unit
billion tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (Gt CO₂e)