Skip to content
Environment Dashboard

Data

Seawater pH at Station ALOHA, Hawaii, each cruise

Surface seawater pH in the open North Pacific at Station ALOHA, north of Oahu, for each Hawaii Ocean Time-series cruise since October 1988. A fall in pH means the water is becoming more acidic.

Latest value

8.055pH

Station ALOHA, open North Pacific north of Oahu, Hawaii (22°45′N, 158°00′W); one station, 20 December 2024. Version 2026-01-01.

Seawater pH at Station ALOHA, Hawaii, each cruise (pH (total hydrogen-ion scale))

355 values from 31 October 1988 to 20 December 2024.
Show as a table
Seawater pH at Station ALOHA, Hawaii, each cruise, every value
PeriodValue (pH)Status
1988-10-318.110final
1988-12-028.109final
1989-01-088.117final
1989-02-268.132final
1989-03-278.122final
1989-05-188.116final
1989-06-248.102final
1989-07-298.099final
1989-08-248.093final
1989-09-228.099final
1989-10-188.086final
1989-11-278.110final
1990-01-058.133final
1990-02-158.123final
1990-03-198.134final
1990-04-138.123final
1990-05-098.117final
1990-06-138.123final
1990-07-258.108final
1990-09-148.085final
1990-11-19none (HOT's file has -999, its missing-value marker, for cruise 21.)final
1990-12-188.121final
1991-02-038.126final
1991-03-078.126final
1991-04-108.123final
1991-05-088.114final
1991-06-058.114final
1991-07-108.112final
1991-08-108.099final
1991-09-188.094final
1991-10-218.098final
1991-12-078.104final
1992-01-058.118final
1992-02-158.126final
1992-03-068.119final
1992-04-178.110final
1992-06-098.115final
1992-07-058.098final
1992-08-058.096final
1992-09-238.093final
1992-10-208.087final
1992-11-248.105final
1992-12-168.116final
1993-01-208.135final
1993-02-178.133final
1993-04-158.107final
1993-05-218.111final
1993-07-26none (HOT's file has -999, its missing-value marker, for cruise 48.)final
1993-09-158.080final
1993-10-308.094final
1994-01-208.151final
1994-02-178.136final
1994-03-098.120final
1994-06-198.102final
1994-07-258.086final
1994-08-308.088final
1994-09-238.088final
1994-10-158.088final
1994-11-198.105final
1995-02-068.110final
1995-03-048.117final
1995-04-068.104final
1995-05-078.115final
1995-07-308.094final
1995-08-298.093final
1995-09-268.089final
1995-10-278.100final
1995-11-178.114final
1996-01-178.107final
1996-03-278.112final
1996-04-248.107final
1996-05-228.095final
1996-06-268.090final
1996-07-278.089final
1996-08-218.083final
1996-10-028.084final
1996-10-308.092final
1996-12-118.101final
1997-01-088.110final
1997-02-188.086final
1997-03-128.114final
1997-04-098.116final
1997-05-078.101final
1997-06-048.106final
1997-07-098.090final
1997-08-028.089final
1997-09-258.081final
1997-12-058.108final
1998-01-118.110final
1998-02-198.114final
1998-03-188.104final
1998-04-158.108final
1998-05-138.105final
1998-06-178.094final
1998-07-158.081final
1998-08-108.082final
1998-09-288.076final
1998-10-198.082final
1998-11-118.083final
1998-12-098.095final
1999-01-138.090final
1999-02-188.100final
1999-03-178.135final
1999-04-148.123final
1999-05-108.100final
1999-07-148.094final
1999-08-138.076final
1999-10-158.071final
1999-11-098.082final
1999-12-158.082final
2000-02-038.097final
2000-03-018.095final
2000-03-298.094final
2000-04-268.094final
2000-05-258.068final
2000-06-218.083final
2000-07-268.087final
2000-08-238.083final
2000-10-188.068final
2000-11-308.095final
2000-12-208.092final
2001-01-178.093final
2001-02-148.088final
2001-03-218.089final
2001-04-188.094final
2001-05-168.095final
2001-06-148.098final
2001-07-118.086final
2001-08-088.076final
2001-10-028.068final
2001-10-238.089final
2001-11-178.081final
2001-12-148.093final
2002-01-168.096final
2002-02-218.108final
2002-03-138.109final
2002-05-218.081final
2002-06-298.071final
2002-08-288.071final
2002-10-078.086final
2002-11-048.088final
2002-11-258.088final
2002-12-198.094final
2003-01-178.103final
2003-02-268.104final
2003-03-298.102final
2003-04-248.096final
2003-05-218.091final
2003-06-208.082final
2003-07-208.078final
2003-08-218.083final
2003-10-158.087final
2003-11-108.088final
2003-12-208.113final
2004-01-228.097final
2004-02-258.110final
2004-03-208.124final
2004-04-218.099final
2004-05-198.088final
2004-06-168.085final
2004-07-138.070final
2004-08-168.071final
2004-09-298.071final
2004-10-318.084final
2004-11-288.090final
2004-12-218.099final
2005-02-028.096final
2005-03-058.107final
2005-05-188.090final
2005-06-158.081final
2005-07-178.066final
2005-08-148.075final
2005-09-108.060final
2005-10-098.078final
2005-11-128.084final
2005-12-138.089final
2006-01-258.114final
2006-02-158.095final
2006-03-108.108final
2006-04-028.104final
2006-05-278.090final
2006-06-148.065final
2006-07-138.080final
2006-08-098.072final
2006-09-168.077final
2006-10-218.068final
2006-11-098.077final
2006-12-108.091final
2007-02-078.105final
2007-03-218.097final
2007-05-058.081final
2007-06-10none (HOT's file has -999, its missing-value marker, for cruise 192.)final
2007-07-088.063final
2007-08-048.066final
2007-09-038.062final
2007-10-038.064final
2007-12-028.068final
2007-12-218.086final
2008-01-308.096final
2008-02-248.096final
2008-05-288.069final
2008-06-268.074final
2008-07-278.064final
2008-08-178.073final
2008-10-118.080final
2008-12-018.082final
2008-12-15none (HOT's file has -999, its missing-value marker, for cruise 207.)final
2009-01-218.100final
2009-02-188.108final
2009-04-298.090final
2009-05-288.069final
2009-07-048.068final
2009-07-258.058final
2009-08-198.061final
2009-09-258.054final
2009-11-048.067final
2009-12-108.080final
2010-02-15none (HOT's file has -999, its missing-value marker, for cruise 218.)final
2010-03-108.097final
2010-04-078.097final
2010-05-198.084final
2010-06-098.069final
2010-07-098.070final
2010-08-088.079final
2010-09-048.069final
2010-10-048.065final
2010-11-218.072final
2011-01-09none (HOT's file has -999, its missing-value marker, for cruise 228.)final
2011-01-298.089final
2011-03-018.092final
2011-04-128.089final
2011-05-108.080final
2011-07-208.070final
2011-08-308.072final
2011-09-278.065final
2011-11-058.067final
2011-11-298.080final
2011-12-208.081final
2012-01-198.088final
2012-03-258.091final
2012-05-028.079final
2012-05-318.073final
2012-06-278.066final
2012-08-018.056final
2012-08-188.050final
2012-09-158.048final
2012-10-088.059final
2012-12-048.070final
2013-02-138.082final
2013-03-078.084final
2013-04-068.082final
2013-05-188.057final
2013-06-268.058final
2013-09-128.050final
2013-10-028.063final
2013-10-288.056final
2013-11-278.073final
2013-12-218.082final
2014-01-168.082final
2014-02-158.089final
2014-03-068.081final
2014-04-118.086final
2014-06-018.075final
2014-07-018.060final
2014-09-158.042final
2014-10-148.052final
2014-11-228.071final
2014-12-178.074final
2015-02-258.078final
2015-03-298.078final
2015-04-228.082final
2015-05-248.076final
2015-06-208.058final
2015-07-208.042final
2015-08-138.054final
2015-09-26none (HOT's file has -999, its missing-value marker, for cruise 276.)final
2015-10-148.064final
2015-11-148.067final
2015-12-098.071final
2016-01-138.082final
2016-02-108.081final
2016-03-098.083final
2016-04-158.078final
2016-05-298.064final
2016-07-128.058final
2016-08-108.057final
2016-10-168.055final
2016-11-278.068final
2017-01-248.070final
2017-02-238.074final
2017-03-298.078final
2017-04-268.065final
2017-05-248.063final
2017-06-218.051final
2017-08-098.049final
2017-10-078.052final
2017-11-098.062final
2017-12-138.081final
2018-01-18none (HOT's file has -999, its missing-value marker, for cruise 299.)final
2018-02-268.080final
2018-04-188.082final
2018-05-168.076final
2018-06-278.054final
2018-07-258.055final
2018-09-118.040final
2018-10-138.058final
2018-11-178.061final
2018-12-11none (HOT's file has -999, its missing-value marker, for cruise 308.)final
2019-01-168.070final
2019-02-208.075final
2019-05-038.059final
2019-06-128.044final
2019-07-028.043final
2019-08-038.039final
2019-09-058.027final
2019-10-188.049final
2019-12-198.058final
2020-01-088.067final
2020-01-318.061final
2020-07-168.040final
2020-08-088.041final
2020-09-018.049final
2020-09-278.043final
2020-11-198.059final
2020-12-198.062final
2021-01-138.071final
2021-02-178.062final
2021-03-248.071final
2021-04-148.073final
2021-05-178.056final
2021-06-238.042final
2021-07-178.037final
2021-10-298.047final
2021-12-058.047final
2022-03-288.052final
2022-05-278.038final
2022-07-108.049final
2022-07-318.037final
2022-09-018.034final
2023-01-248.051final
2023-03-298.046final
2023-05-278.031final
2023-08-118.026final
2023-09-178.030final
2023-10-098.037final
2023-11-068.032final
2023-11-298.038final
2023-12-288.045final
2024-04-038.060final
2024-04-298.047final
2024-07-188.033final
2024-08-188.031final
2024-09-088.034final
2024-10-128.028final
2024-12-208.055final
Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT) surface CO2 system data product, Station ALOHA (J. E. Dore, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa), last updated 2026-01-01; adapted from Dore et al. (2009), Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106:12235-12240, doi:10.1073/pnas.0906044106. No licence stated; free and open access with an NSF acknowledgement (HOT data policy).

Notes on individual values

  • HOT notes for this cruise: No HOT DIC data; used Keeling DIC (code a). No HOT TA data; used Keeling TA (code b).
  • HOT notes for this cruise: No HOT TA data; used Keeling TA (code b).
  • HOT notes for this cruise: No TA data; assumed nTA of 2303.2 (code d).
  • HOT notes for this cruise: No HOT DIC data; used Keeling DIC (code a).
  • HOT notes for this cruise: No DIC data in upper 30 dbar; used value from 34.0 dbar (code e). No TA data in upper 30 dbar; used value from 51.3 dbar (code f).
  • HOT notes for this cruise: No HOT DIC data; used Keeling DIC (code a). No HOT TA data; used Keeling TA (code b). Used temp and sal data from downcast before cable broke (code g). No phos data; assumed 0.07 (code h). No sil data; assumed 1.04 (code i). Rosette lost; samples collected with Go-flo bottle on Kevlar line (code j).
  • HOT notes for this cruise: No sampling occurred (code k).
  • HOT notes for this cruise: No rosette; samples collected with Niskin bottles on Kevlar line (code l).
  • HOT notes for this cruise: No phos data; assumed 0.07 (code h).
  • HOT notes for this cruise: No DIC or TA data in upper 30 dbar; used values from 34.9 dbar (code m).
  • HOT notes for this cruise: No sil data; assumed 1.04 (code i).
  • HOT notes for this cruise: No DIC or TA data in upper 30 dbar; used values from 44.9 dbar (code n).
  • HOT notes for this cruise: No DIC, TA or pH sampling occurred in upper 200 dbar (code o).
  • HOT notes for this cruise: No DIC, TA or pH sampling occurred (code p).
  • HOT notes for this cruise: 10-30 dbar averages used due to transient influence of heavy rainfall on 5 dbar sample (code q).

Where it comes from

Producer
Hawaii Ocean Time-series, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa · Hawaii Ocean Time-series surface CO2 system data, Station ALOHA
Version
2026-01-01
Fetched
2026-10-05 (automatically), 46,975 bytes
Fingerprint
sha256 4356aa4650188b99f623ac2423e4d5a2af4b189077fd1efd1e2cfd8167161665ETag "b77f-647be0be1fe1b" · Last-Modified Tue, 06 Jan 2026 20:30:28 GMT
Copies
No Wayback copy recorded yet.Our copy of the exact file
Cite the producer
Dore, J.E., R. Lukas, D.W. Sadler, M.J. Church, and D.M. Karl. 2009. Physical and biogeochemical modulation of ocean acidification in the central North Pacific. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106:12235-12240.
Producer
Hawaii Ocean Time-series, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa · Hawaii Ocean Time-series surface CO2 system data, Station ALOHA
Version
2026-01-01
Fetched
2026-10-05 (automatically), 573,080 bytes
Fingerprint
sha256 95ebe322ac08c965cc859679cad57bddbe596ebc138ec0381ed787ea9a03ba93ETag "8be98-647be0c50f0bc" · Last-Modified Tue, 06 Jan 2026 20:30:36 GMT
Copies
No Wayback copy recorded yet.Our copy of the exact file
Cite the producer
Dore, J.E., R. Lukas, D.W. Sadler, M.J. Church, and D.M. Karl. 2009. Physical and biogeochemical modulation of ocean acidification in the central North Pacific. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106:12235-12240.

What was done to it

  1. Read HOT_surface_CO2.txt, last updated 1 January 2026 (the vintage), and checked that its readme of the same date still defines the columns, the -999 missing marker and the notes codes as read here.

    Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/ocean/hot_aloha_co2.py · code sha256 c2648443192ff429… · inputs 4356aa465018… 95ebe322ac08…

  2. Published the column pHcalc_insitu (pH calculated from DIC and alkalinity at in situ temperature, total scale) for each of the 355 cruises, 1988-10-31 to 2024-12-20, as printed, dated by the cruise's mid-day (1 October 1988 plus the days column). 9 cruises have -999 and are published as missing.

    Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/ocean/hot_aloha_co2.py · code sha256 c2648443192ff429… · inputs 4356aa465018… 95ebe322ac08…

  3. Each cruise's notes codes are carried as a note in the readme's words, except c, r and s, which concern pH samples only. Nothing is averaged or filled.

    Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/ocean/hot_aloha_co2.py · code sha256 c2648443192ff429… · inputs 4356aa465018… 95ebe322ac08…

What it covers

Geography
Station ALOHA, open North Pacific north of Oahu, Hawaii (22°45′N, 158°00′W); one station
Basis
Mean of the cruise's 0–30 dbar samples; pH on the total scale at in situ temperature, calculated by HOT with CO2SYS from measured dissolved inorganic carbon and total alkalinity (Mehrbach et al. constants as refit by Dickson and Millero; 10 dbar pressure assumed).
Unit
pH (total hydrogen-ion scale) (pH)