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Data

Northern Hemisphere snow cover extent by month

Area of Northern Hemisphere land covered by snow, as a monthly mean since November 1966, computed from the weekly snow maps of the NOAA climate data record made at Rutgers University. Before June 1999 the maps were drawn by NOAA analysts from satellite images; since then they come from the US National Ice Center's daily snow and ice analysis. Nine months in 1968-1971 have no maps.

Latest value

2.67million km²

Northern Hemisphere land, including Greenland (the CDR's land mask, 88 × 88 grid of cells from about 10,700 to 41,800 km²), August 2026. Version v01r01 to 2026-08-31.

Northern Hemisphere snow cover extent by month (million square kilometres)

718 values from November 1966 to August 2026.
Show as a table
Northern Hemisphere snow cover extent by month, every value
PeriodValue (million km²)Status
1966-1134.93final
1966-1243.01final
1967-0148.52final
1967-0247.43final
1967-0342.97final
1967-0433.12final
1967-0522.79final
1967-0614.37final
1967-078.20final
1967-085.30final
1967-095.87final
1967-1017.57final
1967-1134.52final
1967-1244.07final
1968-0146.29final
1968-0243.73final
1968-0337.62final
1968-0428.01final
1968-0516.40final
1968-067.96final
1968-07none (The CDR has no snow map for the week(s) ending 8 July 1968, 15 July 1968, 22 July 1968, 29 July 1968, which cover days of this month (no satellite imagery).)final
1968-082.09final
1968-093.95final
1968-1019.77final
1968-1135.48final
1968-1243.76final
1969-0147.72final
1969-0248.22final
1969-0341.88final
1969-0430.46final
1969-0518.90final
1969-06none (The CDR has no snow map for the week(s) ending 9 June 1969, 16 June 1969, 23 June 1969, 30 June 1969, which cover days of this month (no satellite imagery).)final
1969-07none (The CDR has no snow map for the week(s) ending 7 July 1969, 14 July 1969, 21 July 1969, 28 July 1969, 4 August 1969, which cover days of this month (no satellite imagery).)final
1969-08none (The CDR has no snow map for the week(s) ending 4 August 1969, 11 August 1969, 18 August 1969, 25 August 1969, 1 September 1969, which cover days of this month (no satellite imagery).)final
1969-09none (The CDR has no snow map for the week(s) ending 1 September 1969, 8 September 1969, 15 September 1969, 22 September 1969, 29 September 1969, 6 October 1969, which cover days of this month (no satellite imagery).)final
1969-10none (The CDR has no snow map for the week(s) ending 6 October 1969, 13 October 1969, 20 October 1969, 27 October 1969, which cover days of this month (no satellite imagery).)final
1969-1134.17final
1969-1243.35final
1970-0148.25final
1970-0244.91final
1970-0341.99final
1970-0433.81final
1970-0521.32final
1970-0612.51final
1970-074.94final
1970-083.00final
1970-094.77final
1970-1021.83final
1970-1135.52final
1970-1246.13final
1971-0147.41final
1971-0246.24final
1971-0344.06final
1971-0431.25final
1971-0519.96final
1971-069.98final
1971-07none (The CDR has no snow map for the week(s) ending 12 July 1971, 19 July 1971, 26 July 1971, 2 August 1971, which cover days of this month (no satellite imagery).)final
1971-08none (The CDR has no snow map for the week(s) ending 2 August 1971, 9 August 1971, 16 August 1971, 23 August 1971, 30 August 1971, 6 September 1971, which cover days of this month (no satellite imagery).)final
1971-09none (The CDR has no snow map for the week(s) ending 6 September 1971, 13 September 1971, 20 September 1971, 27 September 1971, which cover days of this month (no satellite imagery).)final
1971-1021.51final
1971-1134.16final
1971-1244.11final
1972-0147.30final
1972-0248.91final
1972-0340.89final
1972-0431.55final
1972-0519.77final
1972-0611.17final
1972-075.02final
1972-084.43final
1972-097.75final
1972-1021.54final
1972-1135.87final
1972-1244.80final
1973-0146.25final
1973-0246.61final
1973-0340.30final
1973-0431.40final
1973-0521.18final
1973-0612.11final
1973-075.30final
1973-083.69final
1973-095.69final
1973-1017.98final
1973-1137.34final
1973-1244.29final
1974-0146.06final
1974-0245.35final
1974-0339.47final
1974-0430.93final
1974-0523.08final
1974-0611.63final
1974-074.72final
1974-083.48final
1974-094.02final
1974-1019.00final
1974-1130.47final
1974-1239.50final
1975-0144.95final
1975-0244.94final
1975-0341.27final
1975-0431.68final
1975-0519.90final
1975-0611.07final
1975-074.60final
1975-083.09final
1975-095.29final
1975-1016.79final
1975-1130.80final
1975-1242.45final
1976-0145.67final
1976-0245.24final
1976-0341.44final
1976-0430.04final
1976-0522.48final
1976-0613.90final
1976-075.71final
1976-083.35final
1976-095.18final
1976-1025.69final
1976-1134.64final
1976-1242.27final
1977-0148.99final
1977-0244.39final
1977-0340.05final
1977-0430.95final
1977-0520.15final
1977-0611.77final
1977-075.44final
1977-083.50final
1977-097.39final
1977-1019.06final
1977-1131.59final
1977-1244.96final
1978-0149.72final
1978-0251.33final
1978-0343.75final
1978-0430.20final
1978-0522.10final
1978-0614.97final
1978-076.88final
1978-084.76final
1978-096.11final
1978-1017.98final
1978-1131.58final
1978-1243.91final
1979-0149.41final
1979-0247.68final
1979-0343.73final
1979-0434.58final
1979-0522.81final
1979-0612.14final
1979-075.94final
1979-084.15final
1979-095.45final
1979-1014.68final
1979-1128.28final
1979-1237.86final
1980-0145.91final
1980-0248.51final
1980-0342.77final
1980-0433.59final
1980-0520.57final
1980-0610.90final
1980-075.40final
1980-084.23final
1980-094.92final
1980-1013.59final
1980-1131.28final
1980-1237.44final
1981-0141.89final
1981-0243.72final
1981-0342.65final
1981-0433.63final
1981-0522.48final
1981-0613.42final
1981-075.80final
1981-084.56final
1981-094.54final
1981-1016.72final
1981-1133.59final
1981-1243.74final
1982-0148.25final
1982-0246.26final
1982-0340.68final
1982-0431.76final
1982-0518.91final
1982-069.08final
1982-073.29final
1982-083.05final
1982-095.40final
1982-1017.41final
1982-1133.71final
1982-1242.98final
1983-0146.51final
1983-0246.81final
1983-0340.40final
1983-0430.13final
1983-0520.96final
1983-0610.35final
1983-074.27final
1983-083.14final
1983-095.12final
1983-1017.17final
1983-1132.61final
1983-1244.41final
1984-0146.51final
1984-0245.12final
1984-0341.12final
1984-0430.61final
1984-0518.51final
1984-068.46final
1984-073.39final
1984-082.52final
1984-093.92final
1984-1017.46final
1984-1133.41final
1984-1242.32final
1985-0150.18final
1985-0248.53final
1985-0344.28final
1985-0432.69final
1985-0522.51final
1985-0613.41final
1985-074.94final
1985-082.99final
1985-094.55final
1985-1017.45final
1985-1137.89final
1985-1246.25final
1986-0146.38final
1986-0247.92final
1986-0339.93final
1986-0430.39final
1986-0520.49final
1986-0611.03final
1986-074.27final
1986-083.00final
1986-096.51final
1986-1017.43final
1986-1133.92final
1986-1241.90final
1987-0147.77final
1987-0245.74final
1987-0343.62final
1987-0431.04final
1987-0518.57final
1987-0612.16final
1987-075.18final
1987-082.73final
1987-095.18final
1987-1013.35final
1987-1132.15final
1987-1242.51final
1988-0147.39final
1988-0245.41final
1988-0339.87final
1988-0429.04final
1988-0518.81final
1988-068.05final
1988-073.35final
1988-082.32final
1988-094.06final
1988-1012.75final
1988-1131.58final
1988-1241.31final
1989-0145.88final
1989-0244.24final
1989-0338.57final
1989-0430.04final
1989-0518.05final
1989-069.18final
1989-074.01final
1989-082.41final
1989-095.74final
1989-1016.68final
1989-1132.84final
1989-1244.96final
1990-0145.68final
1990-0243.50final
1990-0337.12final
1990-0428.11final
1990-0517.03final
1990-067.18final
1990-072.98final
1990-082.38final
1990-093.84final
1990-1015.24final
1990-1130.23final
1990-1244.22final
1991-0146.24final
1991-0245.60final
1991-0339.45final
1991-0428.57final
1991-0518.88final
1991-0610.63final
1991-073.40final
1991-083.02final
1991-094.21final
1991-1015.57final
1991-1134.34final
1991-1243.02final
1992-0146.22final
1992-0243.53final
1992-0338.54final
1992-0428.83final
1992-0518.92final
1992-0610.26final
1992-073.59final
1992-082.43final
1992-095.79final
1992-1016.77final
1992-1134.08final
1992-1245.73final
1993-0146.88final
1993-0245.27final
1993-0339.76final
1993-0428.38final
1993-0518.63final
1993-067.92final
1993-073.33final
1993-082.63final
1993-095.38final
1993-1018.22final
1993-1138.60final
1993-1244.03final
1994-0145.27final
1994-0245.92final
1994-0339.40final
1994-0429.76final
1994-0518.67final
1994-069.00final
1994-073.28final
1994-082.71final
1994-094.87final
1994-1014.22final
1994-1133.60final
1994-1243.58final
1995-0146.12final
1995-0242.69final
1995-0338.25final
1995-0432.94final
1995-0519.31final
1995-069.46final
1995-073.96final
1995-083.53final
1995-096.26final
1995-1017.53final
1995-1135.04final
1995-1244.11final
1996-0146.93final
1996-0245.03final
1996-0341.86final
1996-0433.12final
1996-0520.74final
1996-0611.25final
1996-073.97final
1996-082.60final
1996-096.60final
1996-1019.13final
1996-1135.24final
1996-1241.96final
1997-0146.75final
1997-0245.57final
1997-0339.02final
1997-0431.00final
1997-0519.98final
1997-0610.08final
1997-074.34final
1997-083.63final
1997-096.86final
1997-1017.53final
1997-1134.46final
1997-1244.27final
1998-0146.07final
1998-0244.78final
1998-0341.33final
1998-0430.88final
1998-0518.82final
1998-069.49final
1998-073.93final
1998-083.14final
1998-095.94final
1998-1019.37final
1998-1133.98final
1998-1243.72final
1999-0144.70final
1999-0243.84final
1999-0339.67final
1999-0429.66final
1999-0518.92final
1999-068.70final
1999-073.43final
1999-082.61final
1999-095.02final
1999-1017.55final
1999-1134.05final
1999-1242.99final
2000-0147.60final
2000-0245.55final
2000-0339.59final
2000-0429.45final
2000-0519.34final
2000-069.72final
2000-073.55final
2000-082.86final
2000-096.43final
2000-1018.51final
2000-1135.12final
2000-1244.38final
2001-0147.05final
2001-0245.49final
2001-0340.52final
2001-0429.61final
2001-0517.77final
2001-068.76final
2001-073.51final
2001-082.65final
2001-095.91final
2001-1019.04final
2001-1131.86final
2001-1245.22final
2002-0146.92final
2002-0242.94final
2002-0337.62final
2002-0430.53final
2002-0519.49final
2002-069.22final
2002-073.41final
2002-082.86final
2002-095.92final
2002-1023.24final
2002-1135.59final
2002-1245.87final
2003-0148.01final
2003-0248.54final
2003-0341.69final
2003-0431.45final
2003-0520.12final
2003-0610.24final
2003-073.38final
2003-082.76final
2003-095.12final
2003-1018.23final
2003-1135.62final
2003-1243.26final
2004-0148.08final
2004-0245.49final
2004-0338.69final
2004-0429.45final
2004-0520.27final
2004-069.77final
2004-073.69final
2004-082.54final
2004-095.19final
2004-1019.66final
2004-1134.10final
2004-1244.37final
2005-0146.55final
2005-0247.64final
2005-0341.07final
2005-0429.52final
2005-0517.44final
2005-069.06final
2005-073.55final
2005-082.61final
2005-094.95final
2005-1016.74final
2005-1132.03final
2005-1244.52final
2006-0148.00final
2006-0246.05final
2006-0340.97final
2006-0430.14final
2006-0518.54final
2006-068.40final
2006-073.48final
2006-082.59final
2006-094.44final
2006-1020.32final
2006-1134.23final
2006-1242.28final
2007-0145.37final
2007-0245.30final
2007-0339.42final
2007-0428.33final
2007-0517.30final
2007-068.38final
2007-073.01final
2007-082.35final
2007-094.30final
2007-1016.20final
2007-1133.24final
2007-1244.59final
2008-0150.28final
2008-0247.42final
2008-0337.85final
2008-0429.31final
2008-0517.46final
2008-066.68final
2008-072.48final
2008-082.57final
2008-095.33final
2008-1016.62final
2008-1132.54final
2008-1243.99final
2009-0147.60final
2009-0244.93final
2009-0339.72final
2009-0429.53final
2009-0518.22final
2009-067.13final
2009-072.67final
2009-082.32final
2009-094.32final
2009-1020.98final
2009-1134.78final
2009-1246.46final
2010-0148.83final
2010-0249.03final
2010-0341.13final
2010-0428.63final
2010-0515.38final
2010-066.02final
2010-072.51final
2010-082.36final
2010-095.41final
2010-1018.96final
2010-1134.42final
2010-1246.47final
2011-0149.10final
2011-0248.08final
2011-0342.61final
2011-0429.93final
2011-0516.80final
2011-066.05final
2011-072.47final
2011-082.24final
2011-095.21final
2011-1017.30final
2011-1136.91final
2011-1243.29final
2012-0147.47final
2012-0248.33final
2012-0340.74final
2012-0428.27final
2012-0516.13final
2012-064.92final
2012-072.33final
2012-082.31final
2012-094.32final
2012-1020.13final
2012-1136.56final
2012-1246.84final
2013-0149.21final
2013-0247.01final
2013-0341.68final
2013-0432.58final
2013-0516.28final
2013-066.02final
2013-073.02final
2013-082.87final
2013-096.50final
2013-1021.01final
2013-1134.75final
2013-1245.26final
2014-0146.04final
2014-0246.79final
2014-0338.41final
2014-0428.57final
2014-0517.01final
2014-066.79final
2014-072.87final
2014-082.59final
2014-097.25final
2014-1022.86final
2014-1136.58final
2014-1243.65final
2015-0147.32final
2015-0244.99final
2015-0338.47final
2015-0430.10final
2015-0517.00final
2015-065.44final
2015-072.52final
2015-082.57final
2015-095.86final
2015-1021.40final
2015-1136.25final
2015-1243.48final
2016-0148.79final
2016-0243.51final
2016-0337.16final
2016-0427.92final
2016-0516.34final
2016-065.58final
2016-072.55final
2016-082.63final
2016-095.75final
2016-1022.92final
2016-1136.93final
2016-1245.39final
2017-0149.17final
2017-0245.99final
2017-0340.06final
2017-0431.17final
2017-0520.73final
2017-069.27final
2017-073.45final
2017-082.91final
2017-096.13final
2017-1021.16final
2017-1135.98final
2017-1243.56final
2018-0146.92final
2018-0246.29final
2018-0341.82final
2018-0432.05final
2018-0518.24final
2018-067.84final
2018-073.01final
2018-082.73final
2018-096.37final
2018-1020.06final
2018-1137.78final
2018-1244.54final
2019-0147.23final
2019-0246.03final
2019-0339.48final
2019-0429.06final
2019-0517.06final
2019-065.94final
2019-072.61final
2019-082.51final
2019-095.16final
2019-1022.25final
2019-1137.05final
2019-1243.47final
2020-0146.37final
2020-0243.48final
2020-0337.71final
2020-0429.14final
2020-0516.66final
2020-065.97final
2020-072.41final
2020-082.29final
2020-094.49final
2020-1021.21final
2020-1135.98final
2020-1243.70final
2021-0146.76final
2021-0246.08final
2021-0338.60final
2021-0428.84final
2021-0516.21final
2021-066.18final
2021-072.81final
2021-082.54final
2021-095.60final
2021-1018.13final
2021-1135.45final
2021-1244.51final
2022-0147.28final
2022-0245.78final
2022-0340.02final
2022-0430.87final
2022-0517.94final
2022-065.51final
2022-072.67final
2022-082.45final
2022-095.93final
2022-1018.63final
2022-1137.74final
2022-1243.55final
2023-0146.25final
2023-0245.55final
2023-0339.25final
2023-0430.27final
2023-0516.74final
2023-065.96final
2023-072.81final
2023-082.57final
2023-095.34final
2023-1018.72final
2023-1135.59final
2023-1242.46final
2024-0146.89final
2024-0243.85final
2024-0338.36final
2024-0427.81final
2024-0517.13final
2024-066.59final
2024-072.76final
2024-082.61final
2024-094.95final
2024-1018.88final
2024-1134.31final
2024-1242.73final
2025-0145.01final
2025-0245.48final
2025-0337.93final
2025-0427.82final
2025-0517.26final
2025-066.56final
2025-072.89final
2025-082.91final
2025-095.75final
2025-1017.99final
2025-1133.13final
2025-1241.88final
2026-0146.91final
2026-0243.32final
2026-0337.80final
2026-0429.12final
2026-0517.90final
2026-066.23final
2026-073.07final
2026-082.67final
Calculated by Environment Dashboard from Robinson, Estilow and NOAA CDR Program (2012), NOAA Climate Data Record of Northern Hemisphere Snow Cover Extent, Version 1 (v01r01), NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, doi:10.7289/V5N014G9, accessed 2026-10-04. This CDR was originally developed by David Robinson and colleagues for NOAA's CDR Program. Changes: weekly snow maps summed to areas and averaged by month (weighted by days), in million km². No restrictions on access or use (NOAA CDR Program Open Data Policy).

Where it comes from

Producer
NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (data by the Rutgers University Global Snow Lab) · Northern Hemisphere snow cover extent climate data record
Version
v01r01 to 2026-08-31
Fetched
2026-10-04 (automatically), 24,602,081 bytes
Fingerprint
sha256 1268766f7fbf2d314c31d16bdc6dd550d3972fb3371b1ba7d3e55638727f9d69ETag "17765e1-65ab083eec103" · Last-Modified Fri, 04 Sep 2026 23:20:34 GMT
Copies
No Wayback copy recorded yet.Our copy of the exact file
Cite the producer
Robinson, David A.; Estilow, Thomas W.; and NOAA CDR Program (2012): NOAA Climate Data Record (CDR) of Northern Hemisphere (NH) Snow Cover Extent (SCE), Version 1. Weekly snow cover grids, nhsce_v01r01 NetCDF. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.7289/V5N014G9 2026-10-04.

What was done to it

  1. Read the 3,126 weekly maps of the NOAA snow cover extent CDR (v01r01, file created 3 September 2026, weeks ending 1966-10-10 to 2026-08-31). Each map covers the seven days from Tuesday to the Monday it is dated.

    Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/ice/rutgers_snow.py · code sha256 6ae9b5115a2b497b… · inputs 1268766f7fbf…

  2. Weekly extent: the summed area of the land cells marked snow covered (cell areas as printed to 0.1 km², exact arithmetic).

    Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/ice/rutgers_snow.py · code sha256 6ae9b5115a2b497b… · inputs 1268766f7fbf…

  3. Monthly extent: each day takes the extent of the weekly map covering it, and the month is the mean over its days, i.e. weekly extents weighted by their number of days in the month (the CDR's own week-month day counts). Converted from km² to million km².

    Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/ice/rutgers_snow.py · code sha256 6ae9b5115a2b497b… · inputs 1268766f7fbf…

  4. Only whole months inside the record are published. Months with a day in a week without a map are published as missing, never filled: 1968-07, 1969-06, 1969-07, 1969-08, 1969-09, 1969-10, 1971-07, 1971-08, 1971-09.

    Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/ice/rutgers_snow.py · code sha256 6ae9b5115a2b497b… · inputs 1268766f7fbf…

What it covers

Geography
Northern Hemisphere land, including Greenland (the CDR's land mask, 88 × 88 grid of cells from about 10,700 to 41,800 km²)
Basis
Monthly mean of weekly snow cover extent, each week weighted by its days in the month; a week's extent is the total area of land cells charted as snow covered (from June 1999, cells where at least 42% of the daily analysis' land pixels show snow).
Unit
million square kilometres (million km²)