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Annual temperature compared with 1991–2020 by country (ERA5, World Bank CCKP)

How much warmer or cooler each year since 1950 was than the 1991–2020 average, for each country and for the world, from the ERA5 reanalysis as aggregated by the World Bank's Climate Change Knowledge Portal. The 1991–2020 average is the one CCKP publishes for the same area; it is a recent baseline, so values near zero already include most of the warming since pre-industrial times.

Latest value

0.60°C

Each country or territory as drawn by the World Bank's official boundaries (an area-weighted mean of the 0.25° grid cells inside it); World is CCKP's global aggregate of the same grid., 2025. Version era5-x0.25 1950-2025, fetched 2026-10-05.

Annual temperature compared with 1991–2020 by country (ERA5, World Bank CCKP) (degrees Celsius)

76 values from 1950 to 2025.
Show as a table
Annual temperature compared with 1991–2020 by country (ERA5, World Bank CCKP), every value
PeriodValue (°C)Status
1950−0.76final
1951−0.63final
1952−0.65final
1953−0.57final
1954−0.77final
1955−0.78final
1956−0.85final
1957−0.60final
1958−0.53final
1959−0.56final
1960−0.61final
1961−0.53final
1962−0.59final
1963−0.56final
1964−0.77final
1965−0.71final
1966−0.63final
1967−0.61final
1968−0.68final
1969−0.55final
1970−0.57final
1971−0.73final
1972−0.59final
1973−0.49final
1974−0.76final
1975−0.74final
1976−0.81final
1977−0.52final
1978−0.58final
1979−0.42final
1980−0.30final
1981−0.26final
1982−0.46final
1983−0.27final
1984−0.48final
1985−0.52final
1986−0.43final
1987−0.27final
1988−0.25final
1989−0.36final
1990−0.13final
1991−0.18final
1992−0.42final
1993−0.37final
1994−0.33final
1995−0.16final
1996−0.29final
1997−0.16final
19980.02final
1999−0.24final
2000−0.25final
2001−0.09final
20020.01final
20030.00final
2004−0.07final
20050.10final
20060.05final
20070.04final
2008−0.10final
20090.04final
20100.13final
2011−0.01final
20120.04final
20130.07final
20140.11final
20150.26final
20160.44final
20170.35final
20180.27final
20190.40final
20200.43final
20210.28final
20220.31final
20230.61final
20240.72final
20250.60final
Calculated by Environment Dashboard from The World Bank: Climate Change Knowledge Portal: Observed Climate Data, ERA5 0.25-Degree (doi:10.57966/128g-6s70): Copernicus Climate Change Service ERA5, and The World Bank: Climate Change Knowledge Portal: Projected Climate Data, CMIP6 0.25-Degree (doi:10.57966/b54h-7s87): CMIP6 multi-model ensemble (World Climate Research Programme). Changes: annual mean temperatures expressed as the difference from CCKP's published 1991–2020 mean for the same area. CC BY 4.0 with the World Bank Dataset Terms.

Where it comes from

Producer
World Bank Group · Climate Change Knowledge Portal country climate data
Version
era5-x0.25 1950-2025, fetched 2026-10-05
File
https://cckpapi.worldbank.org/cckp/v1/era5-x0.25_timeseries_tas_timeseries_annual_1950-2025_mean_historical_era5_x0.25_mean/all_countries?_format=json
Fetched
2026-10-05 (automatically), 295,983 bytes
Fingerprint
sha256 62effa974e359adb02b6e4346d385997af9987a9437e31d58cf0f433cf364824
Copies
No Wayback copy recorded yet.Our copy of the exact file
Cite the producer
Climate Change Knowledge Portal: Observed Climate Data, ERA5 0.25-Degree, DOI: https://doi.org/10.57966/128g-6s70. Climate Change Knowledge Portal: Projected Climate Data, CMIP6 0.25-Degree. DOI: https://doi.org/10.57966/b54h-7s87
Producer
World Bank Group · Climate Change Knowledge Portal country climate data
Version
era5-x0.25 1950-2025, fetched 2026-10-05
File
https://cckpapi.worldbank.org/cckp/v1/era5-x0.25_timeseries_tas_timeseries_annual_1950-2025_mean_historical_era5_x0.25_mean/global?_format=json
Fetched
2026-10-05 (automatically), 1,289 bytes
Fingerprint
sha256 589d54de415a9c6f6f7a8fdc67b913b9afcf5e147cdfd58cbce54e0c404efe7f
Copies
No Wayback copy recorded yet.Our copy of the exact file
Cite the producer
Climate Change Knowledge Portal: Observed Climate Data, ERA5 0.25-Degree, DOI: https://doi.org/10.57966/128g-6s70. Climate Change Knowledge Portal: Projected Climate Data, CMIP6 0.25-Degree. DOI: https://doi.org/10.57966/b54h-7s87
Producer
World Bank Group · Climate Change Knowledge Portal country climate data
Version
era5-x0.25 1950-2025, fetched 2026-10-05
File
https://cckpapi.worldbank.org/cckp/v1/era5-x0.25_climatology_tas_climatology_annual_1991-2020_mean_historical_era5_x0.25_mean/all_countries?_format=json
Fetched
2026-10-05 (automatically), 5,912 bytes
Fingerprint
sha256 8b34b2306902cb994e25c3a0cd76f20a185dd09206f36c209db9043006c6b1cc
Copies
No Wayback copy recorded yet.Our copy of the exact file
Cite the producer
Climate Change Knowledge Portal: Observed Climate Data, ERA5 0.25-Degree, DOI: https://doi.org/10.57966/128g-6s70. Climate Change Knowledge Portal: Projected Climate Data, CMIP6 0.25-Degree. DOI: https://doi.org/10.57966/b54h-7s87
Producer
World Bank Group · Climate Change Knowledge Portal country climate data
Version
era5-x0.25 1950-2025, fetched 2026-10-05
File
https://cckpapi.worldbank.org/cckp/v1/era5-x0.25_climatology_tas_climatology_annual_1991-2020_mean_historical_era5_x0.25_mean/global?_format=json
Fetched
2026-10-05 (automatically), 101 bytes
Fingerprint
sha256 ac58ff0206fa4b1fad2e3ac66916c1209e793d4923393499f2defabdd3364792
Copies
No Wayback copy recorded yet.Our copy of the exact file
Cite the producer
Climate Change Knowledge Portal: Observed Climate Data, ERA5 0.25-Degree, DOI: https://doi.org/10.57966/128g-6s70. Climate Change Knowledge Portal: Projected Climate Data, CMIP6 0.25-Degree. DOI: https://doi.org/10.57966/b54h-7s87

What was done to it

  1. Read CCKP's ERA5 0.25° annual mean near-surface air temperature for every country and territory and for the globe, 1950–2025 (absolute °C; CCKP stamps each year's value "YYYY-07", read as the year).

    Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/country/cckp.py · code sha256 5cfdd50878c9ffae… · inputs 62effa974e35… 589d54de415a… 8b34b2306902… ac58ff0206fa…

  2. Mapped CCKP's codes to the site's entities: ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 codes as they are, KSV (CCKP's code for Kosovo) to KOS and GLOBAL to WLD. Every CCKP area is published, including the overseas territories Natural Earth draws inside another country (envdash/geo.py EXTRA_TERRITORIES).

    Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/country/cckp.py · code sha256 5cfdd50878c9ffae… · inputs 62effa974e35… 589d54de415a… 8b34b2306902… ac58ff0206fa…

  3. Read CCKP's published ERA5 1991–2020 annual climatology for the same areas and checked that it belongs to the same series: for every area the mean of the 30 printed annual values 1991–2020 is within 0.01 °C of it (largest difference 0.006 °C, rounding only).

    Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/country/cckp.py · code sha256 5cfdd50878c9ffae… · inputs 62effa974e35… 589d54de415a… 8b34b2306902… ac58ff0206fa…

  4. Subtracted each area's 1991–2020 climatology from each of its annual values (exact decimal arithmetic on the printed digits). The baseline is CCKP's own; CCKP publishes no 1951–1980 ERA5 climatology, and none is computed here.

    Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/country/cckp.py · code sha256 5cfdd50878c9ffae… · inputs 62effa974e35… 589d54de415a… 8b34b2306902… ac58ff0206fa…

What it covers

Geography
Each country or territory as drawn by the World Bank's official boundaries (an area-weighted mean of the 0.25° grid cells inside it); World is CCKP's global aggregate of the same grid.
Baseline
1991–2020 mean of the same CCKP ERA5 aggregate (CCKP's published climatology)
Basis
ERA5 reanalysis (Copernicus Climate Change Service), 2 m air temperature, annual mean, aggregated by CCKP; difference from CCKP's 1991–2020 climatology computed here.
Unit
degrees Celsius (°C)