Global Carbon Project
Global Carbon Budget 2025: national fossil and land-use change carbon dioxide emissions
Fossil carbon dioxide emissions by country: territorial emissions from 1850 to 2024, and consumption-based emissions with the emissions transferred through trade from 1990 (country values to 2023), plus the country lists of each region. Also land-use change carbon dioxide emissions by country from 1850 to 2024, from each of three bookkeeping models (BLUE, OSCAR and LUCE) separately. Values are in million tonnes of carbon per year; multiply by 3.664 for carbon dioxide. National values exclude international aviation and shipping, which the world total includes.
Numbers published from it
Licence and credit
- What the terms say
“By downloading this ICOS data product you agree to the licensing conditions that apply to this data (CC BY 4.0). Under this licence derived products and redistribution are allowed, but you are required to always inform your users of the original source of the data used, refer them to the licence text and the original source at ICOS for possible updates or uploads.”
From the producer's terms, checked 2026-10-04; re-checked automatically every week.
- Credit we give
- Global Carbon Project, Supplemental data of Global Carbon Budget 2025 (Version 1.0), ICOS Carbon Portal, doi:10.18160/GCP-2025, CC BY 4.0. Friedlingstein et al. (2026), Global Carbon Budget 2025, Earth Syst. Sci. Data 18, 3211–3288, doi:10.5194/essd-18-3211-2026.
- Notice
- Consumption-based emissions and emissions transfers: updated from Peters, Davis and Andrew (2012), Biogeosciences 9, 3247–3276, doi:10.5194/bg-9-3247-2012. Land-use change by country: BLUE (Hansis et al., 2015, doi:10.1002/2014gb004997), OSCAR (Gasser et al., 2020, doi:10.5194/bg-17-4075-2020) and LUCE (Qin et al., 2024, doi:10.1016/j.oneear.2024.04.002).
- Copy of the raw file
- Allowed: we keep a public copy of every version we use.
- Cite as
- Global Carbon Project. (2026). Supplemental data of Global Carbon Budget 2025 (Version 1.0) [Data set]. Global Carbon Project. https://doi.org/10.18160/gcp-2025
Files
National_Fossil_Carbon_Emissions_2025_v1.0.xlsx (ICOS PID 11676/loCXyssaalv6DPdO6Qdj90qQ): territorial, consumption-based and transferred fossil CO2 by country, and region definitions (MtC per year).
https://data.icos-cp.eu/objects/loCXyssaalv6DPdO6Qdj90qQNational_LandUseChange_Carbon_Emissions_2025_v1.0.xlsx (ICOS PID 11676/milTbWkl0G-MSpdYG3IBIfzy): land-use change CO2 by country from the BLUE, OSCAR and LUCE bookkeeping models, one sheet each (MtC per year).
https://data.icos-cp.eu/objects/milTbWkl0G-MSpdYG3IBIfzy
Status
- Programme
- Version 1.0 was deposited on ICOS on 17 May 2026 and replaced v0.1 of 13 November 2025. The pinned objects never change; GCB 2026 will arrive as new ICOS objects, expected during COP31 (9-20 November 2026), with no date announced on 4 October 2026. Not a US federal product.
- Updates
- Annual: preliminary data each November at the UN climate conference, final ICOS v1.0 objects about six months later
- Last check
- Unchanged since the last fetch (2026-10-05T11:03:11Z)
- Independent sources measuring the same thing
- EDGAR 2026: greenhouse gas emissions of all world countries