University of Oxford (Scarborough, Clark, Springmann et al.), published in Nature Food

Environmental impacts of UK diet groups (Scarborough et al. 2023)

Daily dietary footprints per person for six self-reported diet groups among 55,504 UK adults in the EPIC-Oxford cohort, standardized to 2,000 kcal, from food-level life-cycle data (about 570 studies) with sourcing variation: greenhouse gas emissions (kg CO2e per day under GWP100, GTP100 and GWP20, and CO2, CH4 and N2O separately), land use (m2 per day), water use (m3 per day), eutrophication (g PO4e per day) and biodiversity (10^-12 species extinctions per day). Medians with 95% uncertainty intervals from a 1,000-iteration Monte Carlo. UK diets in a health-conscious cohort, not a global average; cross-sectional, published once.

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Numbers published from it

Greenhouse gas emissions of UK diets, by diet group

Licence and credit

Licence: CC BY 4.0
What the terms say: “This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.”
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Credit we give: Scarborough, P., Clark, M., Cobiac, L. et al. (2023). Vegans, vegetarians, fish-eaters and meat-eaters in the UK show discrepant environmental impacts. Nature Food 4, 565–574. doi:10.1038/s43016-023-00795-w. CC BY 4.0.
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Cite as: Scarborough, P., Clark, M., Cobiac, L. et al. Vegans, vegetarians, fish-eaters and meat-eaters in the UK show discrepant environmental impacts. Nat Food 4, 565–574 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-023-00795-w

Files

Version of record (10 pages). Table 2: CO2, CH4 and N2O by diet group; Table 3: GWP100, GTP100 and GWP20 CO2e (kg per day, median with 95% uncertainty interval); Table 4: land use, water use, eutrophication and biodiversity impact; all standardized to 2,000 kcal.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s43016-023-00795-w.pdf
Source Data Fig. 2: CO2, CH4 and N2O footprints of each diet group relative to high meat-eaters (median, lowUI, highUI; high meat-eaters = 1).
https://media.springernature.com/original/springer-static/esm/art%3A10.1038%2Fs43016-023-00795-w/MediaObjects/43016_2023_795_MOESM3_ESM.xlsx
Source Data Fig. 3: GWP100 CO2e, land use, water use, eutrophication potential and biodiversity footprints of each diet group relative to high meat-eaters (median, lowUI, highUI; high meat-eaters = 1).
https://media.springernature.com/original/springer-static/esm/art%3A10.1038%2Fs43016-023-00795-w/MediaObjects/43016_2023_795_MOESM4_ESM.xlsx

Status

Programme: Published once on 20 July 2023 (Nature Food 4, issue 7); static, with no planned update.
Updates: One-off (published 2023)
Last check: Unchanged since the last fetch (2026-10-05T11:04:39Z)