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Data

Total carbon dioxide emissions from human activity, world (Global Carbon Budget)

Carbon dioxide released each year since 1959 by fossil fuels and industry (net of the cement carbonation sink) and by land-use change such as deforestation.

Latest value

42.4Gt CO₂/yr

World, 2024. Version 2025 v1.0.

Total carbon dioxide emissions from human activity, world (Global Carbon Budget) (billion tonnes of carbon dioxide per year)

66 values from 1959 to 2024.
Show as a table
Total carbon dioxide emissions from human activity, world (Global Carbon Budget), every value
PeriodValue (Gt CO₂/yr)Status
195917.5final
196016.9final
196117.0final
196216.8final
196317.2final
196417.4final
196517.6final
196617.7final
196718.4final
196819.1final
196920.6final
197021.5final
197121.5final
197222.5final
197323.2final
197423.2final
197523.0final
197623.8final
197724.8final
197825.4final
197925.2final
198025.3final
198124.6final
198224.1final
198324.6final
198425.7final
198526.8final
198627.2final
198727.4final
198827.9final
198928.0final
199028.4final
199128.7final
199228.3final
199328.2final
199429.4final
199529.5final
199630.5final
199732.1final
199830.8final
199931.1final
200031.4final
200130.8final
200232.0final
200334.6final
200434.7final
200535.1final
200636.2final
200736.6final
200837.5final
200937.5final
201039.3final
201140.3final
201241.0final
201340.9final
201441.2final
201541.2final
201640.1final
201740.6final
201840.9final
201941.2final
202038.9final
202140.7final
202241.5final
202342.0final
202442.4final
Calculated by Environment Dashboard from Global Carbon Project data: Supplemental data of Global Carbon Budget 2025 (Version 1.0), ICOS Carbon Portal, doi:10.18160/GCP-2025, CC BY 4.0. Friedlingstein et al. (2026), Global Carbon Budget 2025, Earth Syst. Sci. Data 18, 3211–3288, doi:10.5194/essd-18-3211-2026. Changes: cement carbonation sink subtracted from fossil emissions and land-use change emissions added; converted from billion tonnes of carbon to billion tonnes of carbon dioxide (× 3.664). CC BY 4.0 (ICOS CCBY4 Data Licence).

Where it comes from

Producer
Global Carbon Project · Global Carbon Budget 2025: global sources and sinks of carbon dioxide
Version
2025 v1.0
Fetched
2026-10-04 (automatically), 480,363 bytes
Fingerprint
sha256 a928cf06c57576b66761d1fec8224c9a41a781eb63442afc03ba902858dd64a9ETag "d62ae19e36bfa4d1" · Last-Modified Sun, 17 May 2026 16:23:09 GMT
Copies
No Wayback copy recorded yet.Our copy of the exact file
Cite the producer
Global Carbon Project. (2026). Supplemental data of Global Carbon Budget 2025 (Version 1.0) [Data set]. Global Carbon Project. https://doi.org/10.18160/gcp-2025

What was done to it

  1. Read the sheet 'Global Carbon Budget' of Global_Carbon_Budget_2025_v1.0.xlsx (Global Carbon Budget 2025 v1.0, ICOS object qSjPBsV1drZnYdH-yCJMmkGn): one row per year 1959–2024, in billion tonnes of carbon per year. Sinks are positive numbers in the sheet and stay positive here.

    Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/emissions/gcb_global.py · code sha256 63ef45577c93e407… · inputs a928cf06c575…

  2. Checked the sheet's definition of the budget imbalance on every year: fossil emissions plus land-use change emissions, minus atmospheric growth, ocean sink, land sink and cement carbonation sink, equals the imbalance column (largest difference 3.3e-14 GtC/yr). This confirms that the fossil column is before the cement carbonation sink is subtracted.

    Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/emissions/gcb_global.py · code sha256 63ef45577c93e407… · inputs a928cf06c575…

  3. For each year: fossil emissions (excluding carbonation) minus the cement carbonation sink, plus land-use change emissions.

    Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/emissions/gcb_global.py · code sha256 63ef45577c93e407… · inputs a928cf06c575…

  4. Converted from billion tonnes of carbon to billion tonnes of carbon dioxide by multiplying by 3.664, the factor the sheet states ("multiply the numbers below by 3.664"), with exact decimal arithmetic on the stored values.

    Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/emissions/gcb_global.py · code sha256 63ef45577c93e407… · inputs a928cf06c575…

What it covers

Geography
World
Land use, land-use change and forestry
included
Basis
Carbon dioxide only: fossil fuels and industry net of the cement carbonation sink, plus land-use change (average of three bookkeeping models).
Unit
billion tonnes of carbon dioxide per year (Gt CO₂/yr)