Global Carbon Project
Global Carbon Budget 2025: global sources and sinks of carbon dioxide
The yearly global carbon dioxide budget from 1959 to 2024: emissions from fossil fuels and industry (before the cement carbonation sink is subtracted) and from land-use change, and where that carbon went (growth in the atmosphere, the ocean sink, the land sink and the cement carbonation sink), with the budget imbalance. A historical budget runs from 1750, and fossil emissions are split by fuel from 1850. Values are in billion tonnes of carbon per year; multiply by 3.664 for carbon dioxide. The atmospheric growth comes from NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory measurements, and from Scripps Institution of Oceanography measurements at Mauna Loa and the South Pole for 1959 to 1980.
Numbers published from it
Licence and credit
- What the terms say
“By downloading this ICOS data product you agree to the licensing conditions that apply to this data (CC BY 4.0). Under this licence derived products and redistribution are allowed, but you are required to always inform your users of the original source of the data used, refer them to the licence text and the original source at ICOS for possible updates or uploads.”
From the producer's terms, checked 2026-10-04; re-checked automatically every week.
- Credit we give
- Global Carbon Project, Supplemental data of Global Carbon Budget 2025 (Version 1.0), ICOS Carbon Portal, doi:10.18160/GCP-2025, CC BY 4.0. Friedlingstein et al. (2026), Global Carbon Budget 2025, Earth Syst. Sci. Data 18, 3211–3288, doi:10.5194/essd-18-3211-2026.
- Notice
- Atmospheric growth from 1959: NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory (Lan et al.), with Scripps Institution of Oceanography measurements for 1959 to 1980. Historical budget before 1959: atmospheric growth from Joos and Spahni (2008), Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 105, 1425–1430; ocean sink from DeVries et al. (2014), Global Biogeochem. Cycles 28, 631–647, and Khatiwala et al. (2013), Biogeosciences 10, 2169–2191.
- Copy of the raw file
- Allowed: we keep a public copy of every version we use.
- Cite as
- Global Carbon Project. (2026). Supplemental data of Global Carbon Budget 2025 (Version 1.0) [Data set]. Global Carbon Project. https://doi.org/10.18160/gcp-2025
Files
Global_Carbon_Budget_2025_v1.0.xlsx (ICOS PID 11676/qSjPBsV1drZnYdH-yCJMmkGn): the global budget 1959-2024, the historical budget from 1750, fossil emissions by fuel from 1850, and one sheet per flux (GtC per year).
https://data.icos-cp.eu/objects/qSjPBsV1drZnYdH-yCJMmkGn
Status
- Programme
- Version 1.0 was deposited on ICOS on 17 May 2026 and replaced v0.1 of 13 November 2025. The pinned object never changes; GCB 2026 will arrive as new ICOS objects, expected during COP31 (9-20 November 2026), with no date announced on 4 October 2026. Not a US federal product, but its atmospheric growth term relies on NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory data, which is exposed to US budget cuts.
- Updates
- Annual: preliminary data each November at the UN climate conference, final ICOS v1.0 objects about six months later
- Last check
- Unchanged since the last fetch (2026-10-05T11:03:09Z)
- Independent sources measuring the same thing
- EDGAR 2026: greenhouse gas emissions of all world countries