Data

Global surface temperature above 1850–1900 (HadCRUT5)

Global mean near-surface temperature for each complete year since 1850, as the difference from the 1850–1900 average of the same dataset, with the 95% range.

Latest value

1.43°C

Global mean, 2025. Version 5.2.0.0.

Global surface temperature above 1850–1900 (HadCRUT5) (degrees Celsius)

176 values from 1850 to 2025. The shaded band is the uncertainty range the producer gives.

Show as a table

Global surface temperature above 1850–1900 (HadCRUT5), every value
Period	Value (°C)	Range	Status
1850	−0.07	−0.24 to 0.11	final
1851	0.10	−0.07 to 0.28	final
1852	0.14	−0.03 to 0.30	final
1853	0.10	−0.06 to 0.25	final
1854	0.06	−0.07 to 0.20	final
1855	0.07	−0.07 to 0.20	final
1856	0.03	−0.12 to 0.17	final
1857	−0.12	−0.28 to 0.03	final
1858	−0.05	−0.20 to 0.10	final
1859	0.06	−0.08 to 0.21	final
1860	−0.05	−0.20 to 0.10	final
1861	−0.11	−0.28 to 0.06	final
1862	−0.20	−0.37 to −0.03	final
1863	−0.03	−0.22 to 0.17	final
1864	−0.14	−0.32 to 0.05	final
1865	−0.04	−0.23 to 0.16	final
1866	−0.04	−0.24 to 0.15	final
1867	−0.04	−0.24 to 0.16	final
1868	0.00	−0.19 to 0.18	final
1869	0.04	−0.12 to 0.20	final
1870	0.03	−0.12 to 0.18	final
1871	−0.02	−0.17 to 0.13	final
1872	0.05	−0.09 to 0.18	final
1873	0.04	−0.09 to 0.17	final
1874	−0.01	−0.14 to 0.12	final
1875	−0.01	−0.15 to 0.13	final
1876	−0.05	−0.19 to 0.09	final
1877	0.28	0.15 to 0.40	final
1878	0.37	0.24 to 0.49	final
1879	0.07	−0.06 to 0.20	final
1880	0.05	−0.07 to 0.18	final
1881	0.15	0.02 to 0.27	final
1882	0.09	−0.04 to 0.21	final
1883	0.03	−0.08 to 0.14	final
1884	−0.12	−0.22 to −0.01	final
1885	−0.10	−0.21 to 0.01	final
1886	−0.05	−0.16 to 0.05	final
1887	−0.13	−0.25 to −0.02	final
1888	−0.02	−0.13 to 0.10	final
1889	0.11	−0.02 to 0.23	final
1890	−0.14	−0.27 to −0.02	final
1891	−0.04	−0.18 to 0.10	final
1892	−0.15	−0.29 to −0.01	final
1893	−0.14	−0.27 to 0.00	final
1894	−0.12	−0.26 to 0.02	final
1895	−0.08	−0.22 to 0.06	final
1896	0.08	−0.05 to 0.21	final
1897	0.10	−0.03 to 0.24	final
1898	−0.11	−0.25 to 0.02	final
1899	0.02	−0.12 to 0.15	final
1900	0.13	0.00 to 0.26	final
1901	0.07	−0.06 to 0.20	final
1902	−0.08	−0.21 to 0.05	final
1903	−0.18	−0.30 to −0.05	final
1904	−0.24	−0.37 to −0.11	final
1905	−0.05	−0.17 to 0.07	final
1906	0.04	−0.08 to 0.17	final
1907	−0.14	−0.26 to −0.02	final
1908	−0.15	−0.27 to −0.03	final
1909	−0.17	−0.29 to −0.06	final
1910	−0.16	−0.28 to −0.05	final
1911	−0.18	−0.29 to −0.07	final
1912	−0.12	−0.22 to −0.02	final
1913	−0.11	−0.21 to 0.00	final
1914	0.10	−0.01 to 0.21	final
1915	0.17	0.05 to 0.28	final
1916	−0.06	−0.18 to 0.06	final
1917	−0.19	−0.32 to −0.06	final
1918	−0.07	−0.21 to 0.07	final
1919	0.02	−0.11 to 0.16	final
1920	0.05	−0.08 to 0.18	final
1921	0.12	0.00 to 0.23	final
1922	0.02	−0.09 to 0.13	final
1923	0.04	−0.06 to 0.15	final
1924	0.05	−0.06 to 0.15	final
1925	0.08	−0.03 to 0.19	final
1926	0.24	0.13 to 0.35	final
1927	0.13	0.03 to 0.23	final
1928	0.15	0.04 to 0.26	final
1929	−0.03	−0.14 to 0.07	final
1930	0.19	0.08 to 0.29	final
1931	0.26	0.15 to 0.36	final
1932	0.21	0.11 to 0.31	final
1933	0.08	−0.01 to 0.18	final
1934	0.23	0.14 to 0.33	final
1935	0.20	0.11 to 0.29	final
1936	0.24	0.14 to 0.33	final
1937	0.39	0.29 to 0.48	final
1938	0.39	0.30 to 0.48	final
1939	0.38	0.29 to 0.47	final
1940	0.51	0.40 to 0.62	final
1941	0.39	0.25 to 0.53	final
1942	0.33	0.18 to 0.47	final
1943	0.33	0.18 to 0.48	final
1944	0.46	0.31 to 0.61	final
1945	0.36	0.20 to 0.52	final
1946	0.22	0.09 to 0.35	final
1947	0.25	0.13 to 0.38	final
1948	0.22	0.10 to 0.34	final
1949	0.19	0.08 to 0.30	final
1950	0.10	0.00 to 0.20	final
1951	0.27	0.18 to 0.37	final
1952	0.36	0.25 to 0.46	final
1953	0.42	0.32 to 0.53	final
1954	0.23	0.13 to 0.32	final
1955	0.14	0.05 to 0.24	final
1956	0.08	0.00 to 0.15	final
1957	0.30	0.23 to 0.37	final
1958	0.32	0.26 to 0.39	final
1959	0.29	0.23 to 0.36	final
1960	0.23	0.17 to 0.29	final
1961	0.33	0.28 to 0.38	final
1962	0.29	0.24 to 0.34	final
1963	0.32	0.26 to 0.38	final
1964	0.05	0.00 to 0.10	final
1965	0.15	0.10 to 0.21	final
1966	0.21	0.16 to 0.26	final
1967	0.24	0.19 to 0.28	final
1968	0.19	0.14 to 0.24	final
1969	0.33	0.29 to 0.37	final
1970	0.27	0.23 to 0.31	final
1971	0.15	0.11 to 0.19	final
1972	0.27	0.23 to 0.30	final
1973	0.41	0.37 to 0.45	final
1974	0.19	0.15 to 0.23	final
1975	0.25	0.22 to 0.29	final
1976	0.15	0.11 to 0.19	final
1977	0.47	0.42 to 0.51	final
1978	0.37	0.33 to 0.41	final
1979	0.45	0.42 to 0.48	final
1980	0.56	0.52 to 0.59	final
1981	0.61	0.58 to 0.64	final
1982	0.39	0.35 to 0.43	final
1983	0.58	0.55 to 0.62	final
1984	0.41	0.37 to 0.44	final
1985	0.41	0.38 to 0.45	final
1986	0.46	0.42 to 0.49	final
1987	0.60	0.57 to 0.64	final
1988	0.64	0.61 to 0.68	final
1989	0.54	0.51 to 0.58	final
1990	0.72	0.69 to 0.76	final
1991	0.70	0.66 to 0.74	final
1992	0.49	0.45 to 0.52	final
1993	0.53	0.49 to 0.57	final
1994	0.60	0.56 to 0.63	final
1995	0.74	0.71 to 0.77	final
1996	0.64	0.61 to 0.67	final
1997	0.78	0.75 to 0.82	final
1998	0.94	0.91 to 0.98	final
1999	0.69	0.65 to 0.72	final
2000	0.70	0.66 to 0.73	final
2001	0.85	0.82 to 0.89	final
2002	0.91	0.87 to 0.94	final
2003	0.91	0.87 to 0.94	final
2004	0.83	0.80 to 0.86	final
2005	0.97	0.94 to 1.00	final
2006	0.94	0.90 to 0.97	final
2007	0.96	0.92 to 0.99	final
2008	0.83	0.79 to 0.86	final
2009	0.96	0.93 to 0.99	final
2010	1.04	1.01 to 1.08	final
2011	0.90	0.87 to 0.93	final
2012	0.94	0.91 to 0.97	final
2013	0.99	0.95 to 1.02	final
2014	1.04	1.00 to 1.07	final
2015	1.19	1.15 to 1.22	final
2016	1.30	1.26 to 1.33	final
2017	1.21	1.18 to 1.24	final
2018	1.12	1.09 to 1.16	final
2019	1.26	1.22 to 1.29	final
2020	1.29	1.25 to 1.32	final
2021	1.14	1.10 to 1.17	final
2022	1.17	1.13 to 1.21	final
2023	1.48	1.44 to 1.52	final
2024	1.55	1.50 to 1.59	final
2025	1.43	1.39 to 1.47	final

Calculated by Environment Dashboard from HadCRUT.5.2.0.0. HadCRUT.5.2.0.0 data were obtained from http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5 on 2026-10-04 and are © British Crown Copyright, Met Office 2026, provided under an Open Government License, http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/ Changes: anomalies and their 95% range re-based from 1961–1990 to the 1850–1900 mean of the same dataset; 2026 left out as a partial year. Open Government Licence v3.0 (Crown copyright).

Where it comes from

Producer: Met Office Hadley Centre and University of East Anglia Climatic Research Unit · HadCRUT5 near-surface temperature anomalies
Version: 5.2.0.0
File: https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5/data/HadCRUT.5.2.0.0/analysis/diagnostics/HadCRUT.5.2.0.0.analysis.summary_series.global.annual.csv
Fetched: 2026-10-04 (automatically), 7,046 bytes
Fingerprint: sha256 7f750b673bb34aad722736ee21f122b5ea692c99877fa0b1066df65e51f32c04ETag "1b86-65cdb332e714b" · Last-Modified Fri, 02 Oct 2026 13:06:26 GMT
Copies: No Wayback copy recorded yet.Our copy of the exact file
Cite the producer: Morice, C. P., Kennedy, J. J., Rayner, N. A., Winn, J. P., Hogan, E., Killick, R. E., et al. (2021). An updated assessment of near-surface temperature change from 1850: the HadCRUT5 data set. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 126, e2019JD032361. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD032361

Producer: Met Office Hadley Centre and University of East Anglia Climatic Research Unit · HadCRUT5 near-surface temperature anomalies
Version: 5.2.0.0
File: https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5/data/HadCRUT.5.2.0.0/analysis/diagnostics/HadCRUT.5.2.0.0.analysis.summary_series.global.monthly.csv
Fetched: 2026-10-04 (automatically), 89,634 bytes
Fingerprint: sha256 dd4449a3e25b75396ec4f0445f8647e5b9f5a10f3993929fb82918f3ec135dd1ETag "15e22-65cdb332f5bab" · Last-Modified Fri, 02 Oct 2026 13:06:26 GMT
Copies: No Wayback copy recorded yet.Our copy of the exact file
Cite the producer: Morice, C. P., Kennedy, J. J., Rayner, N. A., Winn, J. P., Hogan, E., Killick, R. E., et al. (2021). An updated assessment of near-surface temperature change from 1850: the HadCRUT5 data set. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 126, e2019JD032361. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD032361

What was done to it

Read the global annual and global monthly summary series of HadCRUT.5.2.0.0 (analysis ensemble means; anomalies relative to 1961–1990 with the 2.5% and 97.5% limits).
Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/temperature/hadcrut5.py · code sha256 94194861a1d4f1e5… · inputs 7f750b673bb3… dd4449a3e25b…
Excluded 2026: the monthly file has 8 of its 12 months, so the annual file's value for it is a partial-year average. A year is published only when all 12 months are in the monthly file.
Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/temperature/hadcrut5.py · code sha256 94194861a1d4f1e5… · inputs 7f750b673bb3… dd4449a3e25b…
Re-based to the dataset's own 1850–1900 mean: subtracted the mean of the 51 annual anomalies 1850–1900, -0.359435557 °C relative to 1961–1990 (exact decimal arithmetic on the printed values), from every anomaly and from both limits of the 95% range.
Code: pipeline/src/envdash/transforms/temperature/hadcrut5.py · code sha256 94194861a1d4f1e5… · inputs 7f750b673bb3… dd4449a3e25b…

What it covers

Geography: Global mean
Baseline: 1850–1900 mean of this dataset
Basis: Blend of land air temperature (CRUTEM5) and sea-surface temperature (HadSST4), with statistical infilling of data-sparse regions (HadCRUT5 analysis).
Unit: degrees Celsius (°C)

Get the numbers

CSV JSON, with full provenance

Licence: Open Government Licence v3.0 (Crown copyright) (free to reuse with credit). Credit: Calculated by Environment Dashboard from HadCRUT.5.2.0.0. HadCRUT.5.2.0.0 data were obtained from http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5 on 2026-10-04 and are © British Crown Copyright, Met Office 2026, provided under an Open Government License, http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/ Changes: anomalies and their 95% range re-based from 1961–1990 to the 1850–1900 mean of the same dataset; 2026 left out as a partial year.

How to cite

Morice, C. P., Kennedy, J. J., Rayner, N. A., Winn, J. P., Hogan, E., Killick, R. E., et al. (2021). An updated assessment of near-surface temperature change from 1850: the HadCRUT5 data set. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 126, e2019JD032361. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD032361 Via Environment Dashboard, https://environmentdashboard.org/data/temp/hadcrut5/annual-1850-1900 (version 5.2.0.0, data accessed 2026-10-04).

Sources

HadCRUT5 near-surface temperature anomalies Report a problem with this number